怎么区分一颗褐矮星和一颗巨行星？
How do you tell a brown dwarf from a giant planet?
质量在约13倍木星质量（氘燃烧下限）以上算褐矮星、以下算行星；但实际难以直接测质量，常靠形成方式（独立形成还是绕恒星）辅助判断。
Above about 13 Jupiter masses (the deuterium-burning limit) it is a brown dwarf, below it a planet; but mass is hard to measure directly, so formation history (isolated vs. orbiting a star) helps decide.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Carroll & Ostlie,《An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics》第2版,Cambridge University Press,2017
B. W. Carroll and D. A. Ostlie, An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-1-108-42216-1 (2nd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press)
#氘燃烧 #质量界限 #行星区分
什么是Y型褐矮星？
What is a Y-type brown dwarf?
Y型是褐矮星中最冷的一类，表面温度可低至约300开尔文，接近室温，颜色偏红，是最接近行星质量的亚恒星天体。
Y-type is the coldest class of brown dwarf, with surface temperatures down to about 300 K—near room temperature—and reddish color, the most planet-like substellar objects.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Carroll & Ostlie,《An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics》第2版,Cambridge University Press,2017
B. W. Carroll and D. A. Ostlie, An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-1-108-42216-1 (2nd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press)
#Y型 #亚恒星 #低温
褐矮星的大气里有什么云？
What clouds exist in brown-dwarf atmospheres?
由于温度介于行星与恒星之间，褐矮星大气可凝结出硅酸盐尘云、乃至铁云和刚玉云，使其亮度与颜色随自转而变。
Because their temperatures sit between planets and stars, brown-dwarf atmospheres can condense silicate dust clouds and even iron or corundum clouds, making their brightness and color change as they rotate.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Carroll & Ostlie,《An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics》第2版,Cambridge University Press,2017
B. W. Carroll and D. A. Ostlie, An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-1-108-42216-1 (2nd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press)
#褐矮星 #硅酸盐云 #铁云