甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）如何实现极高分辨率？
How does very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) achieve such high resolution?
VLBI把分布在全球的多台射电望远镜联合起来，等效口径相当于地球直径，通过记录信号到达的时间差进行相干合成。事件视界望远镜正是用VLBI首次「拍摄」到黑洞阴影。
VLBI links radio telescopes across the globe, acting like one dish as wide as Earth, and combines their signals by their arrival-time differences. The Event Horizon Telescope used VLBI to capture the first image of a black hole's shadow.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
事件视界望远镜合作组（EHT）
Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration
#VLBI #干涉测量 #分辨率 #事件视界望远镜
自适应光学技术如何帮助地面望远镜获得清晰图像？
How does adaptive optics help ground-based telescopes get sharp images?
地球大气的湍流会使星光抖动、图像模糊。自适应光学系统用可变形镜面实时反向矫正，并以明亮的导星（或激光导星）为参照不断修正，从而让地面望远镜达到接近太空望远镜的分辨率。
Earth's turbulent atmosphere blurs starlight. Adaptive optics uses a deformable mirror to correct the distortion in real time, referencing a bright (or laser) guide star, letting ground-based telescopes approach space-telescope resolution.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Beckers《Adaptive Optics for Astronomy》（1993，Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics）；欧洲南方天文台（ESO）甚大望远镜
Beckers, Adaptive Optics for Astronomy (1993, Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics); ESO Very Large Telescope
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 INSPIRE 标识 10.1146/annurev.aa.31.090193.000305：Adaptive
#自适应光学 #大气湍流 #可变形镜 #甚大望远镜
望远镜主要有哪几种类型？
What are the main types of telescopes?
望远镜主要分为光学望远镜（收集可见光）、射电望远镜（接收无线电波）和空间望远镜（在大气层外工作）等。不同波段让我们看到宇宙的不同面貌。
Telescopes mainly include optical ones (collecting visible light), radio ones (receiving radio waves), and space telescopes (working above the atmosphere). Different wavelengths reveal different faces of the universe.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Zeilik,《Astronomy: The Evolving Universe》第9版,Cambridge University Press,2002
M. Zeilik, Astronomy: The Evolving Universe, 9th ed., Cambridge University Press, 2002
#光学望远镜 #射电望远镜 #空间望远镜 #波段
为什么天文台多建在高山上？
Why are observatories often built on high mountains?
高山空气稀薄、水汽少、大气稳定，能减少光线的吸收和湍流抖动，获得更清晰的观测条件。例如夏威夷的莫纳克亚和智利的阿塔卡马都是世界级台址。
High mountains offer thin, dry, stable air that reduces absorption and turbulent blur, giving clearer views. Sites like Mauna Kea in Hawaii and Atacama in Chile are world-class observatory locations.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Zeilik,《Astronomy: The Evolving Universe》第9版,Cambridge University Press,2002
M. Zeilik, Astronomy: The Evolving Universe, 9th ed., Cambridge University Press, 2002
#天文台 #高山台址 #大气稳定 #莫纳克亚
多普勒效应在天文观测中用来测量什么？
What do astronomers measure with the Doppler effect?
多普勒效应使靠近我们的光源谱线蓝移、远离者红移。天文学家借此测量天体的视向速度——例如通过恒星光谱的周期性微小位移发现绕其运行的行星（径向速度法），或测定星系的退行速度。
The Doppler effect shifts a source's spectral lines blue when approaching and red when receding. Astronomers use it to measure line-of-sight velocities—for example, the tiny periodic shifts in a star's spectrum that reveal orbiting planets (the radial-velocity method), or the recession speeds of galaxies.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
多普勒（C. Doppler，1842，多普勒效应原始论文）；迈耶与奎洛兹（Mayor & Queloz）,《A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star》,Nature,1995 (DOI: 10.1038/378355a0)
C. Doppler (1842, original effect); Mayor & Queloz, 'A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star', Nature, 1995, DOI: 10.1038/378355a0
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.1038/378355a0
#多普勒效应 #视向速度 #红移 #光谱
阿雷西博望远镜曾以什么闻名？
What was the Arecibo Telescope known for?
位于波多黎各的阿雷西博望远镜曾是世界最大的单口径射电望远镜之一，用于射电天文、行星雷达和搜寻地外文明。它于2020年坍塌后退役。
The Arecibo Telescope in Puerto Rico was once among the world's largest single-dish radio telescopes, used for radio astronomy, planetary radar, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. It collapsed and was decommissioned in 2020.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Chaisson & McMillan,《Astronomy Today》Pearson 多版
E. Chaisson and S. McMillan, Astronomy Today, Pearson, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 标识 /works/OL1919527W（按标识回读: Astronomy tod
#阿雷西博 #射电望远镜 #行星雷达 #退役