毫秒脉冲星为什么可以被当成探测纳赫兹引力波的天然时钟?
Why can millisecond pulsars serve as natural clocks for detecting nanohertz gravitational waves?
毫秒脉冲星自转极其稳定,多年尺度的脉冲到达时刻可以预报到亚微秒精度。纳赫兹引力波会轻微拉伸和压缩地球与每颗脉冲星之间的时空,在各脉冲星的计时残差中留下符合背景预期角分布的相关信号。2023年6月,NANOGrav、EPTA、PPTA与中国脉冲星计时阵合作组联合报告了此类随机引力波背景存在的证据。
Millisecond pulsars rotate so steadily that their pulse arrival times can be predicted to sub-microsecond precision over many years. A passing nanohertz gravitational wave gently stretches and squeezes the spacetime between Earth and each pulsar, leaving correlated timing residuals whose angular pattern matches the expectation for a stochastic background. In June 2023 the NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA and CPTA collaborations jointly reported evidence for exactly such a background.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
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Agazie 等(NANOGrav 合作组),2023年,The Astrophysical Journal Letters,951卷L8号:15年数据集中的纳赫兹引力波背景证据
Agazie et al. (NANOGrav Collaboration) 2023, ApJL, 951, L8 - Evidence for a gravitational-wave background in the 15 yr data set
#脉冲星计时阵 #引力波背景
赫尔斯-泰勒脉冲双星的轨道衰减测量,怎样为引力波提供了第一个间接证据?
How did timing measurements of the decaying orbit of the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar deliver the first indirect evidence for gravitational waves?
PSR B1913+16 由两颗中子星构成,轨道周期约7.75小时,广义相对论预言引力波辐射带走轨道能量,使双星缓慢靠近。泰勒与魏斯伯格团队近三十年的脉冲到达时间监测显示,轨道周期每年缩短约76微秒,与四极辐射公式的预测吻合到千分之二以内。这项工作让赫尔斯与泰勒获得1993年诺贝尔物理学奖,并为后来的直接探测奠定了实验基础。
PSR B1913+16 pairs two neutron stars in a 7.75-hour orbit, and general relativity predicts that gravitational radiation drains orbital energy, slowly tightening the binary. Nearly three decades of pulse arrival-time monitoring by Taylor and Weisberg showed the orbital period shrinking by about 76 microseconds per year, matching the quadrupole-formula prediction to within roughly 0.2 percent. The work earned Hulse and Taylor the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics and laid the experimental groundwork for later direct detection.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
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Taylor 与 Weisberg,1982年,The Astrophysical Journal,253卷908页:PSR 1913+16 计时给出的引力波阻尼新检验
Taylor & Weisberg 1982, ApJ, 253, 908 - A new test of general relativity: gravitational radiation and the binary pulsar PSR 1913+16
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 CROSSREF 标识 10.1086/159690：A new test of general relativ
#相对论双星 #轨道衰减