什么是自适应光学？
What is adaptive optics?
自适应光学用可变形镜面实时抵消大气湍流造成的星像抖动，使地面望远镜也能获得接近太空的清晰度。
Adaptive optics uses deformable mirrors to cancel the star-image wobble from atmospheric turbulence in real time, giving ground telescopes near-space sharpness.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Terence Dickinson,《NightWatch》第4版,Firefly Books,2006
T. Dickinson, NightWatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe, 4th ed., Firefly Books, 2006; Chinese ed.
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL19287031W：Nightwatch : a practic
#自适应光学 #大气湍流
詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜靠什么观测早期宇宙？
How does the James Webb Space Telescope see the early Universe?
韦伯用6.5米镀金主镜和红外仪器，捕捉宇宙首批星系被红移拉长的红外光，并能穿透尘埃观察恒星诞生。
Webb uses a 6.5 m gold-coated mirror and infrared instruments to catch the infrared light of the first galaxies stretched by redshift, and to peer through dust at star birth.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Gardner J. P. et al., The James Webb Space Telescope, Space Science Reviews 123 (2006), DOI: 10.1007/s11214-006-8315-7
Gardner J. P. et al., The James Webb Space Telescope, Space Science Reviews 123 (2006), DOI: 10.1007/s11214-006-8315-7
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 INSPIRE 标识 10.1007/s11214-006-8315-7：The James Webb Spac
#韦伯望远镜 #红外
与哈勃太空望远镜相比,詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜在设计与科学目标上有哪些关键差异?
Compared with the Hubble Space Telescope, what are the key design and science-goal differences of the James Webb Space Telescope?
韦伯主镜直径6.5米,由18片镀金铍镜拼接而成,工作在0.6至28微米红外波段;哈勃主镜2.4米,以可见光和紫外观测为主。为捕捉宇宙最早星系极其微弱的红外光,韦伯驻留于日地第二拉格朗日点,靠网球场大小的五层遮阳板把光学系统冷却到约40开尔文。其四大科学主题是第一代星系的诞生、星系的组装与演化、恒星与行星的形成,以及系外行星大气的表征。
Webb's 6.5-meter primary mirror, built from 18 gold-coated beryllium segments, observes from 0.6 to 28 microns in the infrared, whereas the 2.4-meter Hubble works mainly at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. To catch the extremely faint infrared glow of the earliest galaxies, Webb orbits the Sun-Earth L2 point, where a tennis-court-sized five-layer sunshield cools its optics to about 40 kelvin. Its four flagship science themes are the birth of the first galaxies, the assembly and evolution of galaxies, the formation of stars and planets, and the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Gardner J. P. et al., The James Webb Space Telescope, Space Science Reviews 123 (2006), DOI: 10.1007/s11214-006-8315-7
Gardner J. P. et al., The James Webb Space Telescope, Space Science Reviews 123 (2006), DOI: 10.1007/s11214-006-8315-7
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 INSPIRE 标识 10.1007/s11214-006-8315-7：The James Webb Spac
#空间望远镜 #詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜
为什么要把望远镜送上太空？
Why put telescopes in space?
地球大气会扭曲、吸收和阻挡星光，太空望远镜避开大气干扰，能拍到更清晰、更宽波段的图像，如哈勃和韦伯。
Earth's atmosphere distorts, absorbs and blocks starlight; space telescopes avoid this and capture sharper, wider-wavelength images, like Hubble and Webb.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Terence Dickinson,《NightWatch》第4版,Firefly Books,2006
T. Dickinson, NightWatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe, 4th ed., Firefly Books, 2006; Chinese ed.
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL19287031W：Nightwatch : a practic
#太空望远镜 #大气干扰
什么是射电望远镜？
What is a radio telescope?
射电望远镜接收天体发出的无线电波而非可见光，常用巨大抛物面天线，能探测氢原子、脉冲星和宇宙微波背景。
A radio telescope receives radio waves rather than visible light, often using huge dish antennas, to detect hydrogen, pulsars and the cosmic microwave background.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Terence Dickinson,《NightWatch》第4版,Firefly Books,2006
T. Dickinson, NightWatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe, 4th ed., Firefly Books, 2006; Chinese ed.
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL19287031W：Nightwatch : a practic
#射电望远镜 #无线电波
望远镜是怎么帮我们看远处的？
How do telescopes help us see far away?
望远镜用镜片或天线收集比眼睛多得多的光，并把远处的景象放大、变亮，让我们看见遥远的天体。
Telescopes gather far more light than our eyes with lenses or dishes and magnify and brighten distant scenes, revealing faraway objects.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Terence Dickinson,《NightWatch》第4版,Firefly Books,2006
T. Dickinson, NightWatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe, 4th ed., Firefly Books, 2006; Chinese ed.
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL19287031W：Nightwatch : a practic
#望远镜 #收集光