Bcl-2家族如何决定细胞生与死？
How does the Bcl-2 family decide a cell's life or death?
Bcl-2家族含促凋亡与抗凋亡成员，它们在线粒体外膜上竞争，决定线粒体外膜通透性，从而控制细胞色素c释放和凋亡是否启动。
The Bcl-2 family has pro- and anti-apoptotic members that compete at the mitochondrial outer membrane, controlling permeability and thereby whether cytochrome c is released to start apoptosis.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Alberts 等,《Molecular Biology of the Cell》第6版,Garland Science,2014
B. Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th ed., Garland Science, 2014
#Bcl-2 #线粒体 #凋亡调控
凋亡中的caspase级联是怎样的？
How does the caspase cascade work in apoptosis?
起始caspase被激活后，切割并激活执行caspase，后者降解细胞骨架与关键蛋白，使细胞皱缩、DNA断裂，最终被吞噬细胞干净清除。
Initiator caspases activate executioner caspases, which cleave cytoskeletal and key proteins so the cell shrinks, DNA fragments, and is cleanly removed by phagocytes.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Alberts 等,《Molecular Biology of the Cell》第6版,Garland Science,2014
B. Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th ed., Garland Science, 2014
#caspase #蛋白酶 #凋亡
为什么发育中的胚胎需要细胞凋亡？
Why does a developing embryo need apoptosis?
胚胎指间组织靠凋亡消退形成分开的手指脚趾，尾巴与某些神经连接也靠凋亡修剪，凋亡是塑造正常形态必不可少的“建设性”过程。
Webbing between embryonic digits is removed by apoptosis to form separate fingers and toes; tails and excess nerve connections are also pruned—apoptosis is a constructive sculpting process.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Alberts 等,《Molecular Biology of the Cell》第6版,Garland Science,2014
B. Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th ed., Garland Science, 2014
#发育 #凋亡 #形态塑造
细胞凋亡是什么？它和坏死有什么不同？
What is apoptosis, and how does it differ from necrosis?
凋亡是细胞主动、有序的“程序性死亡”，不引发炎症，常用于清除多余或异常细胞；坏死是意外损伤导致的被动死亡，常伴随炎症。
Apoptosis is an active, orderly 'programmed cell death' that avoids inflammation and clears unwanted or abnormal cells; necrosis is passive death from injury and often causes inflammation.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Alberts 等,《Molecular Biology of the Cell》第6版,Garland Science,2014
B. Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th ed., Garland Science, 2014
#凋亡 #程序性死亡 #坏死