CAR-T疗法怎样让免疫细胞攻击肿瘤？
How does CAR-T therapy make immune cells attack tumors?
抽取患者T细胞，基因改造使其表达识别肿瘤抗原的嵌合抗原受体（CAR），扩增后回输，使其精准杀伤癌细胞，对部分血液癌效果显著。
A patient's T cells are engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that recognizes tumor antigens, expanded, and reinfused to precisely kill cancer cells—effective in some blood cancers.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Urry 等,《Campbell Biology》第11版,Pearson,2017
L. A. Urry et al., Campbell Biology, 11th ed., Pearson, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-0-13-409341-3 (11th ed., Pearson)
#CAR-T #免疫疗法 #肿瘤
“液态活检”为什么只需一管血就能查癌症？
Why can a 'liquid biopsy' detect cancer from a blood tube?
肿瘤会向血液释放游离DNA（ctDNA）和循环肿瘤细胞，测序这些片段可发现致癌突变并监测复发，比组织活检更微创、可重复。
Tumors shed cell-free DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells into blood; sequencing these fragments reveals cancer mutations and monitors relapse—less invasive and repeatable than tissue biopsy.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Urry 等,《Campbell Biology》第11版,Pearson,2017
L. A. Urry et al., Campbell Biology, 11th ed., Pearson, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-0-13-409341-3 (11th ed., Pearson)
#液态活检 #ctDNA #微创
单克隆抗体药物是怎样工作的？
How do monoclonal antibody drugs work?
把识别特定靶蛋白（如癌细胞表面标志物）的抗体大量制备，它们像精准制导导弹结合目标，阻断信号或引导免疫系统清除病变细胞。
Monoclonal antibodies targeting a specific protein (e.g. a cancer marker) are mass-produced; like guided missiles they bind the target, blocking signals or flagging bad cells for removal.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Urry 等,《Campbell Biology》第11版,Pearson,2017
L. A. Urry et al., Campbell Biology, 11th ed., Pearson, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-0-13-409341-3 (11th ed., Pearson)
#单抗 #靶向 #药物