CAR-T 细胞疗法如何改造患者自己的免疫细胞？
How does CAR-T therapy engineer a patient's own immune cells?
从患者血液中取出 T 细胞，用病毒载体装上识别肿瘤抗原的嵌合抗原受体，扩增后回输体内，专门杀伤癌细胞。
T cells are harvested, equipped with a viral-vector-borne chimeric antigen receptor against tumor antigens, expanded, and infused back to kill cancer specifically.
难度 专业 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Janeway 等，《免疫生物学：健康与疾病中的免疫系统》（第9版，Garland Science，2016）
Janeway et al., Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease (9th ed., Garland Science, 2016)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL18294997W：Immunobiology : the im
#CAR-T #过继免疫
双特异性抗体在癌症治疗中有什么特别之处？
What is special about bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy?
一个抗体同时抓住肿瘤抗原和 T 细胞受体，像桥梁一样把免疫细胞拉到癌细胞身边，引导局部杀伤。
One antibody binds both a tumor antigen and a T-cell receptor, bridging immune cells to cancer for localized killing.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Nerisha Chouhan,《Bispecific Antibodies for the Treatment of Cancer》,Materials Highlights,2021 (DOI: 10.2991/mathi.k.210617.001)
Nerisha Chouhan, 'Bispecific Antibodies for the Treatment of Cancer', Materials Highlights, 2021, DOI: 10.2991/mathi.k.210617.001
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OpenAlex DOI 10.2991/mathi.k.210617.001 · 核验依据 2 CROSSREF 标识 10.2991/mathi.k.210617.001：Bispecific Antibo
#双特异性抗体 #桥连
免疫检查点抑制剂是怎么治疗癌症的？
How do immune checkpoint inhibitors treat cancer?
癌细胞常用 PD-1/PD-L1 等刹车蛋白躲避免疫系统；阻断这些检查点能松开刹车，让 T 细胞重新攻击肿瘤。
Cancers hide using brake proteins like PD-1/PD-L1; blocking these checkpoints releases the brakes so T cells attack tumors again.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Janeway 等，《免疫生物学：健康与疾病中的免疫系统》（第9版，Garland Science，2016）
Janeway et al., Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease (9th ed., Garland Science, 2016)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL18294997W：Immunobiology : the im
#检查点抑制剂 #PD-1
癌症免疫疗法里的肿瘤微环境起什么作用？
What role does the tumor microenvironment play in cancer immunotherapy?
肿瘤周围聚集了抑制性细胞和信号，形成免疫屏障削弱 T 细胞功能，因此联合疗法常同时改造微环境。
Suppressive cells and signals around tumors build an immune barrier that dampens T cells, so combinations often remodel the microenvironment too.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Janeway 等，《免疫生物学：健康与疾病中的免疫系统》（第9版，Garland Science，2016）
Janeway et al., Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease (9th ed., Garland Science, 2016)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL18294997W：Immunobiology : the im
#肿瘤微环境 #免疫抑制
为什么有些肿瘤对免疫疗法没有反应？
Why do some tumors not respond to immunotherapy?
若肿瘤突变少、抗原少或 MHC 呈递能力差，T 细胞就看不见它，这类冷肿瘤对检查点抑制剂反应很差。
Tumors with few mutations, little antigen, or poor MHC presentation are invisible to T cells and respond poorly as cold tumors.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Janeway 等，《免疫生物学：健康与疾病中的免疫系统》（第9版，Garland Science，2016）
Janeway et al., Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease (9th ed., Garland Science, 2016)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL18294997W：Immunobiology : the im
#冷肿瘤 #免疫逃逸
用自身免疫力治癌的大思路是什么？
What is the big idea behind using the body's own immunity against cancer?
这类疗法不直接杀癌，而是解除肿瘤对免疫系统的压制或武装免疫细胞，让身体自己的防御去识别并清除癌细胞。
Rather than killing cancer directly, these therapies lift tumors' suppression of immunity or arm immune cells to find and clear cancer.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Janeway 等，《免疫生物学：健康与疾病中的免疫系统》（第9版，Garland Science，2016）
Janeway et al., Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease (9th ed., Garland Science, 2016)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL18294997W：Immunobiology : the im
#癌症免疫 #免疫治癌