gene-editing Biology

6 个科学问题 · 生物 Biology

本页目录

表观基因组编辑是什么,它和改变 DNA 序列有何不同?

What is epigenome editing and how does it differ from changing DNA sequence?

表观基因组编辑用失去切割能力的 Cas 蛋白携带调控因子,在不改动 DNA 字母的前提下开关基因,效果可逆、理论上更安全。
Epigenome editing uses catalytically dead Cas proteins to carry regulators that switch genes on or off without altering the sequence, reversible and potentially safer.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source

Lewin's Genes XII,Jones & Bartlett Learning,2018

Lewin's Genes XII, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2018

#表观编辑 #基因开关

基因驱动(gene drive)为什么能改变整个野生种群?

Why can a gene drive alter an entire wild population?

基因驱动在减数分裂时强制把编辑过的等位基因拷贝到同源染色体上,使某基因以接近 100%(而非 50%)的概率传给后代,可用来抑制蚊媒疾病。
A gene drive biases inheritance so an edited allele reaches nearly 100% of offspring instead of the expected 50%, potentially suppressing disease-carrying mosquitoes across a population.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source

Lewin's Genes XII,Jones & Bartlett Learning,2018

Lewin's Genes XII, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2018

#基因驱动 #种群改造

先导编辑(prime editing)相比传统 CRISPR 有什么优势?

How does prime editing improve on traditional CRISPR?

先导编辑借助逆转录酶和一段引导 RNA 模板,可在不切断双链的情况下实现插入、删除以及全部 12 种碱基替换,脱靶更少且更灵活。
Prime editing uses a reverse transcriptase and an RNA template to make insertions, deletions, and all 12 base conversions without double-strand breaks, with fewer off-target edits.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source

Anzalone AV et al. Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA. Nature (2019) 576:149-157

Anzalone AV et al. Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA. Nature (2019) 576:149-157

#先导编辑 #精准编辑

基因编辑里的脱靶效应指什么风险?

What risk does the off-target effect of gene editing refer to?

编辑工具可能错误地切割序列相似却并非目标的位点,造成意外突变,因此需用全基因组测序来确认安全性。
The tool may cut sequences similar but unintended, causing unwanted mutations, so whole-genome screening is needed to confirm safety.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source

Lewin's Genes XII,Jones & Bartlett Learning,2018

Lewin's Genes XII, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2018

#脱靶 #基因安全

什么是碱基编辑(base editing)?

What is base editing?

碱基编辑不用切断 DNA 双链,而是用改造过的 Cas 蛋白直接把单个碱基改写(例如 C 变 T),能更精准地纠正点突变。
Base editing changes a single DNA letter without cutting both strands, using a modified Cas protein to correct point mutations more precisely.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source

Lewin's Genes XII,Jones & Bartlett Learning,2018

Lewin's Genes XII, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2018

#碱基编辑 #点突变

用基因编辑治疗镰刀型贫血体现了什么原理?

What principle does editing sickle-cell anemia illustrate?

科学家在患者造血干细胞中编辑 BCL11A 或重新激活胎儿血红蛋白基因,恢复正常的携氧能力,这类疗法已获临床批准。
Editing BCL11A or reactivating fetal hemoglobin in a patient's stem cells restores normal oxygen transport, and such therapies are now clinically approved.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source

出处备注:此条未指向带版次的可引用著作(通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名),本库不提供独立书目出处;如需精确引用,需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。

FDA(批准的基因治疗)

FDA (approved gene therapies)

#基因治疗 #镰刀型贫血