斑马鱼的心室被手术切掉约五分之一还能长回来，而成年哺乳动物心脏受损只会留下瘢痕——斑马鱼靠什么机制重建心肌？
A zebrafish ventricle regrows after surgeons remove about a fifth of it, whereas an injured adult mammalian heart only forms scar tissue — by what mechanism does the zebrafish rebuild its myocardium?
心室切除后，创面先由纤维蛋白凝块封闭；切口边缘的成熟心肌细胞随即去分化、拆散肌节并重新增殖，子代细胞迁移铺满凝块后再分化，重建心肌层与新血管，几乎不留瘢痕。血小板衍生生长因子、视黄酸、神经调节蛋白等信号参与调度。哺乳动物成体心肌细胞基本退出细胞周期，损伤只能由成纤维细胞的瘢痕封堵。
After amputation a fibrin clot seals the wound; mature cardiomyocytes along the cut edge dedifferentiate, disassemble their sarcomeres and start proliferating again. Daughter cells migrate across the clot, then redifferentiate, rebuilding the muscle wall and new vessels with little fibrosis. Signals such as PDGF, retinoic acid and neuregulin orchestrate the program. Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes have largely exited the cell cycle, so injuries are plugged by fibroblast-made scar.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录含书名，但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分，需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
Poss 等：《斑马鱼的心脏再生》，Science，2002
Poss, Wilson & Keating, 'Heart regeneration in zebrafish', Science, 2002
#再生生物学 #去分化 #心脏再生
涡虫为什么能再生出完整的身体？新母细胞（neoblast）在其中起什么作用？
Why can planarians regenerate their entire body, and what part do neoblasts play in it?
涡虫体内约五分之一到三分之一的细胞是新母细胞（neoblast），唯一保持分裂能力的成体多能干细胞，表达SMEDWI-1等piwi类标志基因。它们平时驱动组织更新，损伤后增殖并分化补齐缺失细胞，同时参与重建头尾位置信息。X射线清除新母细胞后再生完全失败，移植单个克隆源新母细胞即可挽救致死辐照个体，证明其为再生必需且充分的细胞基础。
About one fifth to one third of planarian cells are neoblasts, the only dividing somatic lineage — pluripotent adult stem cells expressing piwi-like markers such as SMEDWI-1. They drive everyday tissue turnover and, after injury, proliferate and differentiate to replace missing cells while helping rebuild head-tail positional cues. Removing neoblasts by X-rays abolishes regeneration, whereas transplanting a single clonogenic neoblast can rescue a lethally irradiated animal, proving they are both necessary and sufficient.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
Wagner, Wang, Reddien,《Clonogenic Neoblasts Are Pluripotent Adult Stem Cells That Underlie Planarian Regeneration》,Science,2011 (DOI: 10.1126/science.1203983)
Wagner, Wang and Reddien, 'Clonogenic Neoblasts Are Pluripotent Adult Stem Cells That Underlie Planarian Regeneration', Science, 2011, DOI: 10.1126/science.1203983
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.1126/science.1203983
#涡虫 #新母细胞 #成体干细胞
骨骼是如何自我修复的？
How does bone repair itself?
骨折后，成骨细胞构建新骨、破骨细胞清除碎骨与旧骨，二者动态平衡既修复损伤又不断重塑骨骼以适应受力。
After a fracture, osteoblasts build new bone while osteoclasts clear debris and old bone; their balance repairs damage and continuously remodels bone to match loading.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Lewin's Genes XII,Jones & Bartlett Learning,2018
Lewin's Genes XII, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2018
#骨骼 #成骨细胞 #破骨细胞