诱导多能干细胞（iPS）是怎样制造出来的？
How are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) made?
科学家把几个重编程因子基因导入成体体细胞（如皮肤细胞），使其逆转回类似胚胎干细胞的状态，避免胚胎伦理问题。
Researchers introduce a few reprogramming-factor genes into adult cells (like skin cells), reverting them to an embryo-like state, avoiding embryonic ethical issues.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Alberts 等,《Molecular Biology of the Cell》第6版,Garland Science,2014
B. Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th ed., Garland Science, 2014
#iPS #重编程 #体细胞
仅凭四个转录因子，为何能让已分化的成纤维细胞放弃原有身份、重新回到多能状态？
How did just four transcription factors persuade differentiated fibroblasts to abandon their identity and regain pluripotency?
高桥和利与山中伸弥经候选基因筛选发现，强制表达Oct4、Sox2、Klf4和c-Myc即可把小鼠成纤维细胞转变为类似胚胎干细胞的克隆。这四个核心调控因子重新打开多能性位点的染色质，关闭谱系特异性程序，并重建自我维持的基因回路。由此获得的诱导多能干细胞使不依赖胚胎的患者特异性疾病建模成为可能。
Takahashi and Yamanaka screened candidate genes and found that forced expression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc converts mouse fibroblasts into colonies resembling embryonic stem cells. These master regulators reopen chromatin at pluripotency loci, extinguish lineage-specific programs and rebuild self-sustaining gene circuits. The resulting induced pluripotent stem cells enabled patient-specific disease modeling without using embryos.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
Takahashi, K. & Yamanaka, S.，《Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors》，载于《Cell》2006年第126卷第4期，第663–676页。
Takahashi, K. & Yamanaka, S. (2006). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell, 126(4), 663-676.
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 CROSSREF 标识 10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024：Induction of Plur
#细胞重编程 #诱导多能干细胞
干细胞的“多能性”是什么意思？
What does the 'pluripotency' of stem cells mean?
多能干细胞能分化成体内几乎所有细胞类型，却不像胚胎那样形成完整个体，因此在修复组织和药物测试上潜力巨大。
Pluripotent stem cells can become almost any cell type in the body but not a whole organism, giving them great potential for tissue repair and drug testing.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Alberts 等,《Molecular Biology of the Cell》第6版,Garland Science,2014
B. Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th ed., Garland Science, 2014
#干细胞 #多能性 #分化