疫苗里的“佐剂”起什么作用？
What do adjuvants in vaccines do?
佐剂本身不是抗原，而是刺激免疫系统、延长抗原暴露并增强炎症反应，从而让疫苗产生更强更持久的抗体应答。
An adjuvant is not the antigen; it stimulates the immune system, prolongs antigen exposure, and boosts inflammation, yielding a stronger, longer-lasting antibody response.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Urry 等,《Campbell Biology》第11版,Pearson,2017
L. A. Urry et al., Campbell Biology, 11th ed., Pearson, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-0-13-409341-3 (11th ed., Pearson)
#佐剂 #免疫增强 #疫苗
mRNA疫苗是怎样让细胞生产抗原的？
How do mRNA vaccines make cells produce antigens?
疫苗把编码病毒抗原的mRNA送入细胞，细胞据此合成抗原蛋白，免疫系统识别后产生抗体和记忆，且mRNA很快被降解不留体内。
The vaccine delivers mRNA encoding a viral antigen; cells make the antigen protein, the immune system responds with antibodies and memory, and the mRNA is quickly degraded.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Urry 等,《Campbell Biology》第11版,Pearson,2017
L. A. Urry et al., Campbell Biology, 11th ed., Pearson, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-0-13-409341-3 (11th ed., Pearson)
#mRNA疫苗 #抗原 #免疫
减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗有何区别？
How do live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines differ?
减毒活疫苗用弱化但仍活的病原，免疫强且持久但免疫缺陷者慎用；灭活疫苗用杀死的病原，更安全但常需加强针。
Live-attenuated vaccines use weakened live pathogens—strong, lasting immunity but cautious in the immunocompromised; inactivated ones use killed pathogens—safer but often need boosters.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Urry 等,《Campbell Biology》第11版,Pearson,2017
L. A. Urry et al., Campbell Biology, 11th ed., Pearson, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-0-13-409341-3 (11th ed., Pearson)
#减毒 #灭活 #疫苗