量子通信“京沪干线”是什么?
What is the Beijing–Shanghai quantum communication trunk line?
京沪干线是世界首条量子保密通信骨干网,2017年开通,全长约2000公里,连接北京与上海,基于量子密钥分发为干线网络提供安全密钥。
The Beijing–Shanghai line, opened in 2017, is the world’s first quantum secure-communication backbone, about 2000 km long, using quantum key distribution to secure a trunk network.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#量子通信 #京沪干线 #密钥
台积电(TSMC)为什么在全球芯片业如此关键?
Why is TSMC so critical to the global chip industry?
台积电是全球最大的晶圆代工厂,掌握3纳米、5纳米等先进制程,为众多AI与手机芯片代工,是半导体供应链的核心节点。
TSMC is the world’s largest foundry, mastering 3 nm and 5 nm processes and manufacturing many AI and phone chips, making it a core node in the supply chain.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#台积电 #代工 #先进制程
印度的数字身份Aadhaar是什么?
What is India’s Aadhaar digital identity?
Aadhaar是印度发放的生物特征身份编号,覆盖超过10亿人,用于电子政务和金融普惠,但也引发隐私与数据安全的讨论。
Aadhaar is India’s biometric ID number covering over a billion people, used for e-government and financial inclusion, while raising privacy debates.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#印度 #数字身份 #生物特征
量子通信为什么被认为“不可窃听”?
Why is quantum communication said to be 'un-eavesdroppable'?
它基于量子不可克隆定理和测不准原理:窃听会改变量子态,通信双方能察觉异常。注意它分发的是密钥,并不靠超光速传递信息。
It rests on the no-cloning theorem and uncertainty principle: eavesdropping disturbs the quantum state and is detectable. It distributes keys, not information faster than light.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Feynman《量子力学计算机》(1982);Nielsen 与 Chuang《量子计算与量子信息》
Feynman, 'Simulating physics with computers' (1982); Nielsen & Chuang, 'Quantum Computation and Quantum Information'
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9780521635035 (2016)
#量子 #不可克隆 #安全
龙芯(Loongson)是什么,自主指令集有什么意义?
What is Loongson and why does a self-owned instruction set matter?
龙芯由中科院计算所研制,早期基于MIPS,后推出完全自主的LoongArch指令集,摆脱对外授权依赖,用于国产PC和服务器。
Loongson, from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, began on MIPS and later adopted its own LoongArch instruction set, reducing reliance on foreign licenses for domestic PCs and servers.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#龙芯 #指令集 #自主
什么是昇腾(Ascend)AI芯片?
What is the Ascend AI chip?
昇腾是华为自研的AI加速芯片,采用达芬奇架构,既能训练也能推理大模型,常配合CANN软件栈和昇思MindSpore框架使用。
Ascend is Huawei’s self-developed AI accelerator using the DaVinci architecture for both training and inference, often paired with the CANN stack and MindSpore framework.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#昇腾 #AI芯片 #华为
神威·太湖之光的申威芯片有什么特别?
What is special about the Sunway SW26010 chip in Sunway TaihuLight?
神威·太湖之光使用完全自主设计的申威众核处理器,2016年登顶TOP500,且能效表现突出,体现了国产高性能芯片路线。
Sunway TaihuLight uses the fully self-designed Sunway SW26010 many-core processor, topped the TOP500 in 2016 with strong energy efficiency, showing a domestic HPC path.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
Jack Dongarra,《Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer makes its appearance》,National Science Review,2016 (DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nww044)
Jack Dongarra, 'Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer makes its appearance', National Science Review, 2016, DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nww044
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.1093/nsr/nww044
#神威 #申威 #超算
“墨子号”量子卫星是做什么的?
What does the Micius quantum satellite do?
墨子号是2016年发射的全球首颗量子科学实验卫星,实现了千公里级的星地量子密钥分发和量子纠缠分发,为广域量子通信铺路。
Micius, launched in 2016, is the world’s first quantum science satellite, demonstrating satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution and entanglement over thousands of kilometers.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:此条未指向带版次的可引用著作(通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名),本库不提供独立书目出处;如需精确引用,需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
中国科学院(量子通信实验)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (quantum communication experiments)
#墨子号 #量子卫星 #纠缠
日本的“富岳”(Fugaku)超算有什么特点?
What are the features of Japan’s Fugaku supercomputer?
富岳由日本理化学研究所与富士通研制,基于ARM架构的A64FX处理器,曾登顶TOP500,擅长科学模拟与AI训练,体现亚洲高性能计算实力。
Fugaku, by RIKEN and Fujitsu, uses ARM-based A64FX processors, topped the TOP500, and excels at simulation and AI, showing Asian HPC strength.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
Matsuoka,《Fugaku and A64FX: the First Exascale Supercomputer and its Innovative Arm CPU》,2021 Symposium on VLSI Circuits,2021 (DOI: 10.23919/vlsicircuits52068.2021.9492415)
Matsuoka, 'Fugaku and A64FX: the First Exascale Supercomputer and its Innovative Arm CPU', 2021 Symposium on VLSI Circuits, 2021, DOI: 10.23919/vlsicircuits52068.2021.9492415
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.23919/vlsicircuits52068.2021.9492415
#富岳 #日本 #超算
长江存储(YMTC)在存储芯片上有什么突破?
What breakthrough did Yangtze Memory (YMTC) make in memory chips?
长江存储是国产NAND闪存厂商,其Xtacking架构3D NAND把外围电路与存储阵列分开制造再键合,提升了密度与性能,打破了国外垄断。
YMTC is a domestic NAND maker; its Xtacking 3D NAND builds peripheral and memory arrays separately then bonds them, boosting density and performance and breaking foreign monopoly.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#长江存储 #闪存 #半导体
GB 2312、GBK 和 GB 18030 三种中文编码之间是什么关系?
How are the Chinese encodings GB 2312, GBK and GB 18030 related to one another?
三者构成一条逐层向后兼容的链条:GB 2312-1980 用双字节收录 6763 个简体汉字和 682 个符号,够日常使用但缺生僻字与繁体;GBK 在其编码空间上扩展,收录两万多个字,同时保持 GB 2312 的字节序列仍然有效。GB 18030 采用单、双、四字节混合结构,把整个 Unicode 码位空间映射进来,因此能表示繁体字、少数民族文字和罕用汉字。现行的 GB 18030-2022 是强制性国家标准,要求实现覆盖更完整的汉字集(含 CJK 扩展 B 区),是面向中文市场软件的编码基线。
They form a chain of backward-compatible encodings: GB 2312-1980 uses two bytes for 6,763 simplified characters plus 682 symbols, adequate for everyday text but missing rare and traditional forms; GBK extends that code space to more than twenty thousand characters while keeping GB 2312 byte sequences valid. GB 18030 mixes one-, two- and four-byte sequences to map the entire Unicode code space, so it can encode traditional characters, minority scripts and rare hanzi. The current GB 18030-2022 is a mandatory national standard requiring a larger repertoire including CJK Extension B, and it is the baseline encoding for software sold into the Chinese market.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
中华人民共和国国家标准 GB 18030-2022《信息技术 中文编码字符集》与 GB 2312-1980《信息交换用汉字编码字符集 基本集》
Chinese national standards GB 18030-2022 ("Information technology — Chinese coded character set") and GB 2312-1980
#GB 18030 #GBK #GB 2312 #汉字编码
韩国三星在半导体产业中处于什么地位?
What role does South Korea’s Samsung play in semiconductors?
三星是全球存储芯片(DRAM、NAND)与晶圆代工巨头,其高带宽内存(HBM)为AI训练提供关键部件,地位举足轻重。
Samsung is a giant in memory chips (DRAM, NAND) and foundry services; its high-bandwidth memory (HBM) is critical for AI training.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#三星 #半导体 #存储
华为麒麟(Kirin)芯片为什么受关注?
Why is Huawei's Kirin chip notable?
麒麟是华为海思自研的手机系统级芯片,把CPU、GPU和NPU集成在一块硅片上。受出口管制影响后,先进制程与国产半导体制造成为焦点。
Kirin is Huawei HiSilicon’s self-designed mobile system-on-chip integrating CPU, GPU, and NPU. After export restrictions, advanced manufacturing and domestic chips became a focal point.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#麒麟 #芯片 #华为
北斗的“短报文”是什么独特能力?
What is BeiDou's unique 'short-message' capability?
短报文让北斗用户能通过卫星双向收发文字短信,在没有手机信号的海洋、沙漠或灾区也能通信,这是GPS等系统没有的特色功能。
Short-message service lets BeiDou users send and receive text over satellites even where there is no phone signal, such as at sea or in disaster zones—a feature not offered by systems like GPS.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
国务院新闻办公室《2021中国的航天》白皮书:北斗短报文通信特色(2022)
SCIO white paper 'China's Space Program: A 2021 Perspective': BeiDou short-message service, 2022
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787010245362(豆瓣书目条目: 2021中国的航天)
#北斗 #短报文 #通信
中文搜索和文本处理为什么绕不开「分词」这一步?
Why do Chinese search and text processing depend on a word segmentation step?
中文书写不用空格分隔词,同一串字「研究生命起源」既能切成研究/生命/起源,也能切成研究生/命/起源,机器必须先判断边界才能建索引、做检索和翻译。经典方法是基于词典的正向最大匹配;现代做法把它转成逐字序列标注,给每个字打 B/M/E/S 标签,再用条件随机场或神经网络在标注语料上学习,标准评测的 F 值可达 96% 以上。近年字级与子词建模让部分下游任务可以跳过显式分词,但搜索引擎的索引与召回仍普遍依赖它。
Chinese text has no spaces between words, so one character string can be cut in more than one valid way, and a machine must resolve those boundaries before it can index, retrieve or translate. The classic approach is dictionary-based forward maximum matching; the modern one recasts segmentation as per-character sequence labelling with B/M/E/S tags learned by conditional random fields or neural networks on annotated corpora, reaching F-scores above 96% on standard benchmarks. Character-level and subword models now let some downstream tasks skip explicit segmentation, but search engine indexing and recall still rely on it heavily.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
Nianwen Xue《Chinese Word Segmentation as Character Tagging》(Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 2003)
Nianwen Xue, "Chinese Word Segmentation as Character Tagging," Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing (2003)
#中文分词 #序列标注 #最大匹配 #信息检索
中国有哪些有代表性的大模型产品?
What are some representative Chinese large language models?
百度文心一言、阿里通义千问、科大讯飞星火、智谱GLM等是代表性的中文大模型,体现中国在自然语言和多模态AI上的进展。
Notable Chinese LLMs include Baidu’s ERNIE, Alibaba’s Qwen, iFlytek’s Spark, and Zhipu’s GLM, reflecting progress in Chinese NLP and multimodal AI.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#大模型 #中国AI #自然语言
科大讯飞的语音技术强在哪里?
Where is iFlytek’s speech technology strong?
科大讯飞在中文语音识别和合成上领先,支持方言、远场拾音和实时转写,依靠深度学习加海量语音数据持续进步。
iFlytek leads in Chinese speech recognition and synthesis, handling dialects, far-field audio, and real-time transcription via deep learning on huge speech datasets.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#讯飞 #语音 #识别
天河系列超级计算机有什么成就?
What did the Tianhe supercomputers achieve?
天河由国防科技大学研制,天河一号在2010年登顶全球超算500强榜首,天河二号曾多次排名第一,广泛用于气象、材料和航天模拟。
Built by the National University of Defense Technology, Tianhe-1 topped the TOP500 in 2010 and Tianhe-2 led the ranking for years, used in weather, materials, and aerospace simulation.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#天河 #超算 #中国
华为的鸿蒙(HarmonyOS)有什么特点?
What are the features of Huawei's HarmonyOS?
鸿蒙是华为2019年发布的分布式操作系统,采用微内核设计,面向手机、汽车、家电等全场景设备,目标是“一次开发、多端部署”。
HarmonyOS, released by Huawei in 2019, is a distributed operating system with a microkernel design for phones, cars, and appliances, aiming to let one app run across many device types.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#鸿蒙 #操作系统 #分布式
北斗卫星导航系统是什么,为什么能全球定位?
What is the BeiDou satellite navigation system and how can it position globally?
北斗是中国自主建设的全球卫星导航系统,由约30颗卫星组成,2020年完成全球组网,能为全球用户提供定位、导航和授时服务。
BeiDou is China’s independently built global satellite navigation system, made of about 30 satellites and completed for global service in 2020, providing positioning, navigation, and timing worldwide.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
国务院新闻办公室《2021中国的航天》白皮书:北斗卫星导航系统建设与应用(2022)
SCIO white paper 'China's Space Program: A 2021 Perspective': BeiDou navigation system, 2022
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787010245362(豆瓣书目条目: 2021中国的航天)
#北斗 #导航 #卫星
「东数西算」工程要解决的是什么工程问题?
What engineering problem is the East Data West Computing plan meant to solve?
数据中心耗电大、需要大量冷却,而算力需求集中在东部沿海,那里电价高、土地紧张、能耗指标受限;西部则有充裕的水电、风电与光伏,气温低还能省下制冷用电。该方案在京津冀、长三角、粤港澳、成渝以及内蒙古、贵州、甘肃、宁夏布局八大算力枢纽和十个国家数据中心集群,把对时延不敏感的离线训练、数据备份、视频渲染等任务西迁。留在东部的是实时交互业务,因为跨越数千公里的光纤往返延迟无法用工程手段消除。
Data centres consume enormous electricity and cooling, yet demand concentrates in the eastern coastal provinces where power is expensive, land is scarce and energy quotas are tight, while western regions offer abundant hydro, wind and solar power plus cool climates that cut cooling load. The plan designates eight national computing hubs and ten data centre clusters across Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze and Pearl River deltas, Chengdu-Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Gansu and Ningxia, relocating latency-tolerant work such as offline training, backup and video rendering westward. Interactive services stay in the east because the fibre round-trip delay across thousands of kilometres cannot be engineered away.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
国家发展改革委等四部门《全国一体化大数据中心协同创新体系算力枢纽实施方案》(发改高技〔2021〕709 号)
China's National Development and Reform Commission et al., "Implementation Plan for Computing Hubs in the Integrated National Big Data Centre System" (NDRC document 709, 2021)
#东数西算 #数据中心 #算力枢纽 #能耗