为什么计算机里的“随机数”其实可以预测?
Why are computer 'random numbers' actually predictable?
大多是伪随机:用算法加种子生成,同一种子得到同一串数;真正的随机需要物理噪声等熵源。
Most are pseudo-random from an algorithm and seed, so the same seed yields the same sequence; true randomness needs physical entropy.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Ferguson、Schneier、Kohno,《Cryptography Engineering》Wiley,2010
N. Ferguson, B. Schneier and T. Kohno, Cryptography Engineering, Wiley, 2010
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL16596906W:Cryptography engineeri
#随机数 #伪随机 #种子
为什么任何压缩软件都不能把所有文件压得更小?
Why can’t any compressor shrink every file?
鸽巢原理说明:比原文件小的压缩结果数量少于原文件数量,所以必然存在一些文件无法无损地变得更小。
The pigeonhole principle shows there are fewer smaller outputs than possible inputs, so some files simply cannot be losslessly shrunk.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#压缩 #鸽巢原理 #无损
为什么量子计算机不能“加速”所有问题?
Why can’t quantum computers speed up every problem?
量子算法只在特定结构上有优势,例如Shor分解大数、Grover搜索,对大多数日常任务并没有明显好处。
Quantum algorithms help only on specific structures like Shor’s factoring or Grover’s search; most everyday tasks see no clear gain.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Feynman《量子力学计算机》(1982);Nielsen 与 Chuang《量子计算与量子信息》
Feynman, 'Simulating physics with computers' (1982); Nielsen & Chuang, 'Quantum Computation and Quantum Information'
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9780521635035 (2016)
#量子 #加速 #算法
为什么同一段程序在不同电脑上结果可能不同?
Why can the same program give different results on different machines?
浮点舍入、并行执行的竞态、未初始化的内存以及编译器优化差异,都可能让最终结果不完全一致。
Floating-point rounding, parallel race conditions, uninitialized memory, and compiler optimizations can all make results differ slightly.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Goldberg《What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic》(ACM Computing Surveys, 1991);IEEE 754-2019 标准
Goldberg, "What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic," ACM Computing Surveys (1991); IEEE 754-2019
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ARCHIVE 标识 IEEE754Article:What every computer scientist
#浮点 #竞态 #可复现
为什么给电脑加更多CPU核,程序不一定更快?
Why don’t more CPU cores always make a program faster?
阿姆达尔定律指出加速受限于串行部分,且并行有通信和同步开销,纯单线程程序多核完全帮不上忙。
Amdahl’s law says speedup is limited by the serial part, and parallelism adds communication overhead; single-threaded code gains nothing from more cores.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Hennessy & Patterson,《Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach》第6版,Morgan Kaufmann,2017
J. L. Hennessy and D. A. Patterson, Computer Architecture, 6th ed., Morgan Kaufmann, 2017
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL2664271W:Computer architecture(按
#阿姆达尔 #并行 #加速
为什么神经网络同一个输入两次回答可能不一样?
Why might a neural network answer the same input differently twice?
推理时若开启随机解码温度、dropout或采样,再加上并行浮点求和顺序不同,输出就可能有非确定性。
With random decoding temperature, dropout, or sampling, plus varying float summation order, outputs can be non-deterministic.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Goodfellow、Bengio 与 Courville,《Deep Learning》,MIT Press,2016
I. Goodfellow, Y. Bengio, A. Courville, Deep Learning, MIT Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-0-262-03561-3 (MIT Press)
#神经网络 #非确定 #采样
为什么关掉广告跟踪后还看到类似广告?
Why do you still see similar ads after turning off tracking?
设备指纹、同一账号跨App的关联,以及你刚搜索的上下文都能推断兴趣,跟踪手段并不只有Cookie。
Device fingerprints, cross-app linking of one account, and your recent searches all infer interests; tracking is not only cookies.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#广告 #跟踪 #画像
为什么电池显示100%也只是一个估算?
Why is a '100%' battery only an estimate?
电量靠电压变化和电流积分来估算,老化和温度会让误差变大,并不是对化学余量的精确测量。
Charge is estimated from voltage changes and current integration; aging and temperature add error, so it is not an exact chemical measurement.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#电量 #估算 #电池
为什么“无限流量”套餐也会限速?
Why do 'unlimited' data plans still throttle speed?
运营商有公平使用策略,用量超过阈值后会降速,以防止少数用户占满网络、保证大家都能用。
Operators use fair-use policies that slow heavy users past a threshold to keep the network fair for everyone.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
《十万个为什么》第六版电子与信息分册,少年儿童出版社,2013
Ten Thousand Whys: Electronics and Information volume, 6th ed., Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-7-5324-9328-9 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787532493289
#限速 #流量 #策略
为什么连了加密的Wi-Fi也可能被蹭网?
Why can a password-protected Wi-Fi still be hijacked?
弱口令、WPS漏洞或过时的WEP都可能被攻破,假冒的“ Evil Twin”热点也会诱骗你连接。
Weak passwords, WPS flaws, or outdated WEP can be broken, and fake 'Evil Twin' hotspots can trick you into connecting.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#Wi-Fi #安全 #蹭网
为什么“闰年”“闰秒”会让软件出bug?
Why do leap years and leap seconds cause software bugs?
很多程序假设每分钟60秒、每年365天,插入闰秒或366天会让时间计算和证书校验出现意外错误。
Many programs assume 60 seconds per minute and 365 days per year; an inserted leap second or day breaks time math and certificate checks.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#闰秒 #时间 #bug
为什么“删除”的聊天记录还能被找回来?
Why can 'deleted' chats still be recovered?
服务器和备份里往往还有副本,设备上数据在被覆盖前也残留着,删除常常只是标记为不显示。
Servers and backups often keep copies, and data lingers on device until overwritten; deletion usually just hides it from view.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#删除 #恢复 #备份
为什么“免费”的App公司还能赚钱?
Why do 'free' apps still make money?
它们用你的注意力(广告)、你的行为数据,或后续的增值服务来变现,羊毛其实出在用户身上。
They monetize your attention (ads), your behavioral data, or later paid features—the cost is quietly on the user.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注:本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补,暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符,已撤回;具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#免费 #商业模式 #数据
计算机为什么用二进制(0和1)而不是十进制?
Why do computers use binary (0 and 1) instead of decimal?
电路用高、低电压表示0和1最简单可靠,二进制又和逻辑门天然契合,用十进制电路会更复杂也容易出错。
Circuits represent 0 and 1 with low and high voltage most simply; binary also fits logic gates, while decimal circuits would be complex and error-prone.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#二进制 #电路 #逻辑