什么是“摩尔定律”？
What is 'Moore's Law'?
摩尔定律说：芯片上能塞下的晶体管数量约每两年翻一倍，所以电脑越来越快、越来越便宜。它曾是行业目标，近年因物理极限放缓，但影响深远。
Moore's Law observed transistor count on a chip doubles roughly every two years, so computers get faster and cheaper. It guided the industry for decades; physics now slows it.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#摩尔定律 #芯片 #历史
什么是“图灵测试”？
What is the 'Turing test'?
图灵测试问：如果人在看不见的情况下和机器聊天，分不出对方是人是机，就算机器通过了。它衡量机器能否“像人一样”对话，是 AI 的早期思想实验。
The Turing test: if a person chatting unseen can't tell machine from human, the machine passes. It measures human-like conversation—an early thought experiment for AI.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#图灵测试 #AI #历史
什么是“阿帕网”（ARPANET）？
What was ARPANET?
阿帕网是 1969 年美国建的第一个可互相通信的分组交换网络，是今天互联网的直接祖先。它证明了许多小网络连在一起也能稳稳传信息。
ARPANET (1969) was the first packet-switching network linking computers—the direct ancestor of today's internet. It proved many small networks could talk reliably.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#阿帕网 #互联网 #历史
万维网（WWW）和互联网是一回事吗？
Is the World Wide Web the same as the internet?
不是。互联网是连接电脑的“公路网”，万维网是跑在这条路上、用网页和链接看的“内容服务”。电子邮件、微信也走互联网，但不属于万维网。
No. The internet is the 'road network' linking computers; the Web is the content service of pages and links running on it. Email and WeChat use the internet but aren't the Web.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#万维网 #互联网 #历史
互联网是怎么来的？
How did the internet come to be?
互联网起源于 1960 年代美国军方和大学的实验网络，目的是让多台电脑互相通信用。后来规则统一、连成一片，才变成今天全球都能上的网。
The internet grew from 1960s military and university experiments linking computers to share data. Unified standards connected them into today's global network.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#互联网 #起源 #历史
什么是“冯·诺依曼架构”？
What is the 'von Neumann architecture'?
它是大多数电脑的设计蓝图：把程序指令和数据都存在同一块内存里，由处理器一条条取出来执行。今天你用的手机电脑基本都遵循这个思路。
It's the blueprint for most computers: store both program instructions and data in one memory, and a processor fetches and runs them. Your phone and PC largely follow it.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#冯诺依曼 #架构 #历史
世界上第一封电子邮件是谁发的？
Who sent the first email?
1971 年，工程师雷·汤姆林森发出了第一封通过网络从一个账号发到另一个账号的邮件，还顺手定下了用“@”分隔用户名和计算机的习惯，一直用到今天。
In 1971 engineer Ray Tomlinson sent the first networked email between accounts and chose '@' to separate user from computer—a convention still used today.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#电子邮件 #历史 #人物
谁被称为“计算机科学之父”之一的图灵？
Who is Alan Turing, called a 'father of computer science'?
阿兰·图灵是英国数学家，提出了“图灵机”这个想象中的计算机模型，还帮二战破解了德军密码。他奠定了现代计算和思想的基础。
Alan Turing was a British mathematician who proposed the 'Turing machine' model of computation and helped break enemy codes in WWII. He laid foundations of modern computing.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#图灵 #历史 #人物
世界上最早的电子计算机大概长什么样？
What did the earliest electronic computers look like?
最早的大型计算机像几间房那么大，满是发光的电子管和电线，要用整间屋子放。它们算得比人快，但干一件事要很多人伺候。
The first big computers filled rooms with glowing tubes and wires. They computed faster than people but needed a crowd of operators for one task.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#计算机 #历史 #电子管
最早的电脑有多大？
How big were the first computers?
最早的电脑很大很大，要占满一整个房间，还要很多人帮忙开关。现在同样厉害的电脑能装进你的口袋里。
The first computers were enormous, filling whole rooms with many people operating them. Today an equally powerful one fits in your pocket.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Charles Petzold,《Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software》第2版,Microsoft Press,2022
C. Petzold, Code, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, 2022; Chinese ed.《编码》
#计算机 #历史 #大小