什么是蓝色碳汇（蓝碳）？
What is blue carbon?
蓝碳指滨海和海洋生态系统（如红树林、海草床和盐沼）通过光合作用固定并长期埋藏的碳。这些栖息地单位面积固碳效率很高，且碳可封存于沉积物中数百年。保护和恢复蓝碳生态系统被视为应对气候变化的自然方案。
Blue carbon is the carbon fixed by coastal and marine ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes through photosynthesis and buried long term. These habitats sequester carbon very efficiently per area, and the carbon can stay in sediments for centuries. Protecting and restoring them is seen as a natural climate solution.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#蓝碳 #红树林 #碳汇
厄尔尼诺如何影响赤道太平洋的降雨分布？
How does El Nino affect rainfall patterns in the equatorial Pacific?
正常年份赤道太平洋的强对流和降水集中在西太平洋暖池。厄尔尼诺时海温异常东移，对流和降雨中心也随之东移到中东部太平洋，使南美西岸多雨、印尼和澳大利亚干旱。这种雨带迁移是全球旱涝异常的重要来源。
In normal years intense convection and rainfall in the equatorial Pacific concentrate over the warm pool in the west. During El Nino the warm anomaly shifts east, moving the convection and rain center to the central and eastern Pacific, bringing rains to the west coast of South America and drought to Indonesia and Australia. This migration of the rain belt is a major source of global floods and droughts.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#厄尔尼诺 #降雨带 #沃克环流
什么是气候临界点？
What is a climate tipping point?
气候临界点指系统在特定阈值被突破后发生不可逆或突变式转变的节点，例如格陵兰冰盖崩解或亚马孙雨林退化。一旦越过临界点，变化可能自我维持，即使减排也难以回头。识别临界点对评估长期风险非常重要。
A climate tipping point is a threshold beyond which a system undergoes an irreversible or abrupt shift, such as the collapse of the Greenland ice sheet or degradation of the Amazon rainforest. Once crossed, the change may become self-sustaining and hard to reverse even with emission cuts. Identifying tipping points is vital for assessing long-term risk.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#临界点 #不可逆 #阈值
地球为什么会出现冰期？
Why does Earth experience ice ages?
冰期是地球长期冷期，与太阳辐射在纬度和季节上的分布变化有关。大陆位置和山脉隆起改变大气环流，使高纬度能积累冰盖。冰盖扩张又通过反照率反馈进一步降温，冰期和间冰期因此交替。
Ice ages are long cold periods linked to changes in how solar radiation is distributed over latitude and season. The positions of continents and mountain uplift alter atmospheric circulation so that high latitudes can accumulate ice sheets. Ice-sheet growth then cools the planet further through albedo feedback, alternating glacial and interglacial periods.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#冰期 #冰盖 #反照率反馈
气候变化如何影响高山林线？
How does climate change affect mountain tree lines?
林线是树木能够生长的最高海拔界线，主要由低温限制决定。气候变暖使适宜温度带向高处移动，树木逐渐上侵、林线抬升。但若伴随干旱或雪被减少，部分地区的林线反而可能下降。
The tree line is the highest elevation where trees can grow, set mainly by low-temperature limits. Warming shifts the suitable temperature belt upward, so trees gradually invade higher ground and the line rises. But with accompanying drought or reduced snow cover, tree lines in some regions may actually fall.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#林线 #高山 #变暖
米兰科维奇循环是什么？
What is the Milankovitch cycle?
米兰科维奇循环指地球轨道三要素——偏心率、地轴倾角和岁差——的周期性变化，改变了各纬度接收的太阳辐射量。这些变化以数万到十万年左右的周期出现，与过去的冰期旋回高度吻合。它是解释冰期时间尺度的经典理论。
The Milankovitch cycles are periodic changes in Earth's three orbital elements, eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession, which alter the amount of solar radiation received at each latitude. They operate on timescales of tens to about one hundred thousand years and match past glacial cycles closely. They are the classic theory explaining the timing of ice ages.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#米兰科维奇 #轨道 #冰期旋回
什么是气候反馈机制？
What is a climate feedback mechanism?
气候反馈指初始扰动引发的次级变化反过来放大或削弱原扰动的过程。水汽增加和水冰反照率降低属于正反馈，会加速变暖；云和植物吸收可能呈负反馈。反馈强度决定气候对排放的敏感度。
A climate feedback is a process where an initial disturbance triggers secondary changes that amplify or dampen the original disturbance. More water vapor and lower ice albedo are positive feedbacks that accelerate warming, while some clouds and plant uptake may act as negative feedbacks. Feedback strength sets how sensitive climate is to emissions.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#反馈 #正反馈 #负反馈
什么是洋面温度异常？
What is a sea surface temperature anomaly?
洋面温度异常指某海域海温相对于多年平均值的偏离，偏高或偏低都属异常。它是监测厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜和海洋热浪的关键指标。异常的持续时间和范围会影响大气环流与极端天气。
A sea surface temperature anomaly is the departure of a region's sea temperature from its long-term average, whether warmer or cooler. It is a key indicator for monitoring El Nino, La Nina, and marine heatwaves. The duration and extent of anomalies influence atmospheric circulation and extreme weather.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#海温异常 #监测 #海洋热浪
海洋如何吸收二氧化碳？
How does the ocean absorb carbon dioxide?
海面与大气接触时，二氧化碳按分压差溶入表层海水，再被海洋生物利用或下沉输送到深层。这一过程是地球碳循环的重要汇，使海洋成为最大的活跃碳储库。但过量吸收也导致海洋酸化。
At the sea surface, carbon dioxide dissolves into surface water according to the pressure difference and is then used by marine life or transported to depth. This process is a major sink in the carbon cycle, making the ocean the largest active carbon reservoir. But absorbing too much also causes ocean acidification.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#海洋 #碳汇 #溶解
什么是永久冻土融化？
What is permafrost thaw?
永久冻土是常年保持在0摄氏度以下、含冰的土壤和岩层。气候变暖使高纬度冻土解冻，释放其中封存的二氧化碳和甲烷。冻土消融还会造成地表塌陷，影响道路和建筑。
Permafrost is ground, including soil and rock, that stays below 0 degrees Celsius year-round and contains ice. Warming thaws high-latitude permafrost, releasing the carbon dioxide and methane locked inside. Thawing also causes surface collapse that damages roads and buildings.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#永久冻土 #甲烷 #高纬度
什么是气候系统？
What is the climate system?
气候系统由大气、海洋、陆地、冰雪圈和生物圈五大圈层组成，它们通过能量和物质交换相互影响。太阳辐射是其主要能量来源，而温室气体决定能量收支。任何圈层的变化都会通过反馈波及整个系统。
The climate system consists of five spheres: atmosphere, ocean, land, cryosphere, and biosphere, which interact through exchanges of energy and matter. Solar radiation is its main energy source, while greenhouse gases set the energy budget. A change in any sphere propagates through the whole system via feedbacks.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#气候系统 #圈层 #能量收支
全球变暖指的是什么？
What does global warming refer to?
全球变暖指近一个多世纪以来地球地表平均气温持续上升的趋势。主要由人类燃烧化石燃料排放二氧化碳等温室气体造成。它带来冰川退缩、海平面上升和极端天气增多等一系列影响。
Global warming refers to the sustained rise in Earth's average surface temperature over the past century or more. It is mainly caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. It brings glacier retreat, sea level rise, and more frequent extreme weather.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#全球变暖 #平均气温 #温室气体
化石燃料如何加剧气候变化？
How do fossil fuels worsen climate change?
煤、石油和天然气在燃烧时释放大量二氧化碳，这是最主要的温室气体。工业革命以来其用量猛增，使大气二氧化碳浓度显著升高。增强的温室效应导致全球气温上升。
Burning coal, oil, and natural gas releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, the chief greenhouse gas. Use has surged since the Industrial Revolution, raising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration markedly. The strengthened greenhouse effect drives global temperature rise.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#化石燃料 #二氧化碳 #温室效应