我们如何知道地球的外核是液态、内核是固态？
How do we know Earth's outer core is liquid and inner core is solid?
地震波给出两条证据：S波不能穿过外核，表明其为液态；而穿过地心的P波（PKIKP）表现出可被固态介质解释的异常，提示内核为固态。丹麦地震学家莱曼（Inge Lehmann）于1936年据此发现了固态内核。
Seismology provides two lines of evidence: S-waves cannot cross the outer core (hence it is liquid), while P-waves that pass through the center (PKIKP phase) show anomalies consistent with a solid, indicating a solid inner core. Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann inferred the solid inner core from such data in 1936.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Press & Siever,《Understanding Earth》W. H. Freeman 多版
F. Press and R. Siever, Understanding Earth, W. H. Freeman, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1282939W：Understanding earth（按标题
#外核液态 #内核固态 #莱曼 #P波 #S波
什么是“莫霍面”（Moho）？它是谁发现的？
What is the Mohorovičić discontinuity ('Moho'), and who discovered it?
莫霍面是地壳与地幔之间的分界界面，因地幔岩石比地壳致密，地震波在此处速度明显跃增。它由克罗地亚地震学家莫霍罗维奇（Andrija Mohorovičić）在1909年通过研究地震折射波首次识别。
The Moho is the boundary between the crust and the mantle, marked by a sudden increase in seismic-wave velocity because mantle rock is denser than crustal rock. Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovičić identified it in 1909 from refracted seismic waves.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Press & Siever,《Understanding Earth》W. H. Freeman 多版
F. Press and R. Siever, Understanding Earth, W. H. Freeman, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1282939W：Understanding earth（按标题
#莫霍面 #莫霍罗维奇 #地壳 #地幔 #地震波速度
地球从外到内主要由哪几个圈层组成？
What are Earth's main layers from the surface inward?
地球由外向内依次是地壳、地幔、外核和内核。地壳最薄，地幔最厚（占体积最大），外核为液态金属、内核为固态金属，地核主要由铁和镍组成。
From outside in, Earth consists of the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. The crust is thinnest, the mantle is thickest (largest by volume), the outer core is liquid metal, the inner core is solid metal, and the core is composed mainly of iron and nickel.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Press & Siever,《Understanding Earth》W. H. Freeman 多版
F. Press and R. Siever, Understanding Earth, W. H. Freeman, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1282939W：Understanding earth（按标题
#地壳 #地幔 #外核 #内核 #地球圈层