什么是“全新世”（Holocene）？它大约始于何时？
What is the Holocene, and when did it begin?
全新世是地质年代表中当前的世，属于第四纪，始于最后一次大冰期结束、气候转暖之时。按国际地层委员会界定，它大约始于约1.17万年前，并延续至今；其后人类活动显著的“人类世”提案尚未被正式采纳。
The Holocene is the current epoch in the geologic time scale, part of the Quaternary, beginning as the last major ice age ended and climate warmed. As defined by the ICS, it began about 11,700 years ago and continues to the present; the proposed 'Anthropocene' following it has not been formally ratified.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#全新世 #第四纪 #末次冰期 #人类世 #ICS
相对定年和绝对定年（同位素测年）有什么不同？
How does relative dating differ from absolute (radiometric) dating?
相对定年只判断岩层或化石的“先后顺序”（如叠覆律：下老上新），但不给出具体年数。绝对定年则利用放射性同位素的半衰期为岩石测定具体年代（如铀—铅、钾—氩法），把相对顺序锚定到真实的时间坐标上。
Relative dating only determines the sequence of rock layers or fossils (e.g., the law of superposition: lower is older), without giving numerical ages. Absolute dating uses the half-lives of radioactive isotopes (e.g., uranium–lead, potassium–argon) to assign actual ages, anchoring the relative order to real time.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#相对定年 #绝对定年 #叠覆律 #半衰期 #同位素
什么是“地质年代表”？目前由谁维护和更新？
What is the geologic time scale, and who maintains and updates it?
地质年代表是把地球约46亿年历史按代、纪、世等层级划分的时间框架，标注了重大事件与生物演化节点。它由国际地层委员会（ICS，隶属国际地质科学联合会 IUGS）负责制定和定期更新，是全球地质学的共同语言。
The geologic time scale is a hierarchical framework dividing Earth's ~4.6-billion-year history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs, marking major events and evolutionary milestones. It is maintained and periodically updated by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), under the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), serving as geology's common language.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#地质年代表 #国际地层委员会 #ICS #IUGS #纪