水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷，哪种温室气体“贡献”最大？
Among water vapor, CO2, and methane, which greenhouse gas contributes the most?
从总量看，水蒸气是最强的天然温室气体，但它随温度快速变化、主要由温度控制；二氧化碳虽然单次增温效率不如甲烷，但因存量巨大且停留上百年，对长期人为增暖贡献最大。
Water vapor is the strongest natural greenhouse gas by volume, but it responds quickly to temperature. CO2, though less potent per molecule than methane, persists for centuries in huge amounts and drives most long-term human warming.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#温室气体 #贡献
温室效应到底是好事还是坏事？
Is the greenhouse effect a good thing or a bad thing?
天然的温室效应是好事，它让地球比没有大气时温暖约 33 度，适合生命；问题出在人类排放过多温室气体，让这个“被子”太厚，导致全球变暖。
The natural greenhouse effect is good—it warms Earth by about 33 degrees, making life possible. The problem is human emissions making that 'blanket' too thick, causing global warming.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#温室效应 #全球变暖
“辐射强迫”说的是什么？
What does 'radiative forcing' refer to?
辐射强迫是指某种因素（如多排的二氧化碳）使地球进出能量之差改变了多少；正强迫让地球净吸收能量而升温，负值则降温。
Radiative forcing is the change in Earth's net energy balance caused by a factor like added CO2; positive forcing means net energy gain and warming, negative means cooling.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#辐射强迫 #能量差
二氧化碳在空气里能待多久才消失？
How long does carbon dioxide stay in the air before disappearing?
一部分二氧化碳几年就被植物和海洋吸收，但很大一部分会在大气里停留上百年，甚至更久，所以排出去的碳会“赖着不走”。
Some CO2 is absorbed by plants and oceans within years, but a large share lingers in the atmosphere for centuries or more, so emitted carbon sticks around.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#停留时间 #碳