海底滑坡为什么也能引发大海啸？
Why can submarine landslides also cause big tsunamis?
大陆坡上的沉积在地震或气体释放时整体滑塌，瞬间排开巨量海水，如1929年大浅滩海啸可达数米高。
Sediment on continental slopes can collapse in a quake or gas release, displacing huge water volumes, as in the 1929 Grand Banks tsunami several meters high.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#海底滑坡 #海啸
遇到龙卷风，正确的躲避方法是什么？
What is the right way to take shelter from a tornado?
尽快进坚固建筑的底层、地下室或没有窗户的内侧房间，用枕头护头；在户外则躲到低洼处趴下。千万别待在车里或桥下。
Get to the lowest floor or basement of a solid building, or an inner windowless room, protecting your head with a pillow; outdoors, lie in a low ditch. Never stay in a car or under a bridge.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#龙卷风 #躲避
DART浮标系统如何预警海啸？
How does the DART buoy system warn of tsunamis?
海底压力计侦测到海啸波引起的微弱水压变化，经浮标传回卫星，系统便能推算波高和到达时间。
Seafloor pressure gauges detect the slight wave signal, relay via buoys to satellites, and the system estimates wave height and arrival time.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#DART #海啸预警
山体滑坡发生前，常有哪些征兆？
What signs often appear before a landslide?
常见征兆有：山坡出现新裂缝、树木歪斜、井泉突然变浑或干涸、坡脚有小崩塌。发现这些要尽快撤离。
Warnings include new cracks on the slope, leaning trees, suddenly muddy or dry springs, and small falls at the foot. If you see these, leave quickly.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#滑坡 #前兆
海啸横渡大洋时的传播速度由什么决定？为什么临近海岸时它反而减速，浪高却急剧增大？
What determines a tsunami’s propagation speed across the open ocean, and why does it slow down near the coast while its waves grow dramatically taller?
海啸波长可达数百公里，远大于海水深度，属于浅水长波，传播速度只取决于水深：c=√(gh)，在4000米深的大洋上约每小时700公里。逼近海岸后水深变浅，波速随之下降，但波动能量守恒使波长被压缩、振幅被放大，形成高达数米以上的破坏性波浪。根据海深图可预先算出走时，这正是太平洋海啸预警中心发布抵达时刻警报的依据。
A tsunami’s wavelength — hundreds of kilometers — far exceeds the ocean depth, so it travels as a shallow-water long wave whose speed depends only on depth: c = √(gh), about 700 km/h over a 4000-meter-deep ocean. Approaching the coast, the shallowing seabed slows the wave, while conservation of energy compresses its wavelength and amplifies its height into destructive waves several meters tall. Because bathymetric charts allow travel times to be computed precisely, warning centers such as the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issue advance arrival-time alerts.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Levin, B.W. 与 Nosov, M.A.《海啸物理学》（第2版），Springer，2016年
Levin, B.W. & Nosov, M.A., Physics of Tsunamis, 2nd ed., Springer, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL20688972W：Physics of Tsunamis（首版
#海啸 #浅水波 #走时预报 #预警中心
收到暴雨“红色预警”时，应该怎么做？
What should you do under a red rainstorm warning?
红色是最高级，表示3小时可能下100毫米以上。应尽量不出门，远离河道、低洼和山坡，关注当地通知。
Red is the top level, meaning over 100 mm in 3 hours. Stay indoors, avoid rivers, low areas and slopes, and follow local alerts.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#暴雨 #预警
台风天为什么要把阳台花盆收进来？
Why bring balcony flowerpots inside during a typhoon?
强风会把花盆、杂物吹落砸伤路人，也可能打碎玻璃。收好重物、关紧门窗能减少伤害。
Strong wind can blow pots and clutter down onto people or smash windows. Securing heavy items and closing windows reduces harm.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#台风 #防护
洪水来了，应该往哪里跑最安全？
When a flood comes, where is it safest to go?
往高处跑，如楼上、山坡或指定的避难场所，别往地下室或低洼处躲，也不要蹚陌生的浑水。
Move to high ground—upper floors, a hillside or a designated shelter. Avoid basements, low spots and wading through unknown murky water.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#洪水 #逃生
地震发生时“伏地、遮挡、手抓牢”是什么意思？
What does “drop, cover, hold on” mean in an earthquake?
意思是：立刻蹲下，躲到结实的桌子下护住头颈，抓紧桌腿直到摇晃停止。这样能挡住掉落物。
It means: drop to the floor, take cover under a sturdy desk protecting head and neck, and hold the leg until shaking stops—shielding you from falling objects.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#地震 #自救
为什么有的城市地面会慢慢下沉？
Why does the ground in some cities slowly sink?
大量抽取地下水或油气，会让地下空隙塌陷，地面就一点点下沉，雅加达、墨西哥城都很明显。
Pumping out too much groundwater or oil leaves empty space underground that collapses, so the land sinks, as in Jakarta and Mexico City.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#地面沉降 #地下水
家里应该准备一个怎样的“应急包”？
What should a home emergency kit contain?
备上饮用水、压缩食品、手电、哨子、创可贴、常用药和充电宝，装在一个好拿的包里，灾难时能撑几天。
Pack water, compact food, a flashlight, whistle, band-aids, regular medicine and a power bank in an easy-to-grab bag so you can cope for several days.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#应急包 #防灾
地震时为什么不能乘电梯逃生？
Why not use the elevator to escape an earthquake?
地震可能断电或让电梯卡住，困在里头更危险；而且余震可能损坏电梯。应走楼梯。
Quakes can cut power or jam the elevator, trapping you, and aftershocks may damage it. Use the stairs instead.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#地震 #电梯
为什么大雨后不要在河里游泳？
Why not swim in rivers right after heavy rain?
雨后河水暴涨、水流急，还混着垃圾和污水，容易抽筋、被冲走或感染，很危险。
After rain the river swells and runs fast, mixed with debris and sewage; cramps, being swept away or infection make it dangerous.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#游泳 #洪水