地壳里最常见的矿物家族是哪一个,为什么到处都能见到它?
Which mineral family is most common in the crust, and why is it everywhere?
是硅酸盐矿物(占陆地岩石约九成),因为它们的核心——硅和氧——是地壳里最多的两种元素,容易结合成石英、长石、云母等各种硅酸盐。
Silicate minerals make up about 90% of crustal rocks because silicon and oxygen are the two most abundant crustal elements, readily forming quartz, feldspar, mica, and kin.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)
Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787116123892(豆瓣书目条目: 普通地质学)
#硅酸盐 #地壳
摩氏硬度是什么,为什么它能帮我们分辨矿物?
What is the Mohs scale, and why does it help identify minerals?
摩氏硬度把十种标准矿物从滑石(最软)到金刚石(最硬)排成一列,用互相刻划谁能在谁身上留痕,就能大致判断一块矿物的硬度、从而帮助鉴别。
The Mohs scale ranks ten reference minerals from talc (softest) to diamond (hardest); by scratching tests you estimate a specimen's hardness, aiding identification.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)
Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787116123892(豆瓣书目条目: 普通地质学)
#摩氏硬度 #鉴别
要成为“矿物”,一块石头得满足哪几个条件?
What conditions must a substance meet to be called a mineral?
矿物得是天然形成的、无机的、有固定化学成分、而且原子排成规则的晶体;像冰在自然里也算矿物,而玻璃和塑料不算。
A mineral must be naturally formed, inorganic, with a definite composition, and with atoms arranged in an ordered crystal; natural ice counts, but glass and plastic do not.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)
Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787116123892(豆瓣书目条目: 普通地质学)
#矿物定义 #晶体
矿物是从哪里“长”出来的?
Where do minerals 'grow' from?
有的矿物在岩浆慢慢冷却时结晶,有的从热的水溶液里沉淀,还有的在岩石受高温高压变质时重新组合,于是长成各种晶体。
Some crystallize as magma cools slowly, some precipitate from hot watery solutions, and some re-form when rocks are squeezed by heat and pressure—producing varied crystals.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)
Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787116123892(豆瓣书目条目: 普通地质学)
#矿物成因 #结晶