大气重力波是如何把动量从对流层传递到中间层的？
How do atmospheric gravity waves transport momentum from the troposphere to the mesosphere?
重力波由山地气流、对流等激发，在稳定层结大气中向上传播并随密度减小而增幅，破碎后把动量沉积到高层，驱动中间层环流与准两年振荡。这种波-平均流相互作用是数值模式必须参数化的关键过程。
Gravity waves are generated by mountain flow and convection and propagate upward through stably stratified air, growing in amplitude as density drops; when they break they deposit momentum into higher layers, driving mesospheric circulation and the quasi-biennial oscillation. This wave-mean-flow interaction is a key process that climate models must parameterize.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
Fritts & Alexander（2003）《地球物理评论》重力波动力学与中层大气效应综述
Fritts, D.C. & Alexander, M.J. (2003), Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere, Reviews of Geophysics, 41(1), doi:10.1029/2001RG000106
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 CROSSREF 标识 10.1029/2001rg000106：Gravity wave dynamics a
#大气重力波 #动量通量 #准两年振荡
为什么城市里的闪电往往比乡下多？
Why are lightning flashes often more frequent over cities than countryside?
城市热岛让空气更易上升，烟囱和汽车排放的微粒提供更多凝结核，会刺激更多对流和闪电，这叫“城市雷电增强”。
The urban heat island boosts rising air, and pollution particles add condensation nuclei, stimulating more convection and lightning—called urban lightning enhancement.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#城市雷电 #热岛
什么是季风？
What is a monsoon?
季风是随季节反转的大范围风系，因海陆热力差异，夏季风从海洋吹向陆地带来降水，冬季相反。
A monsoon is a large wind system that reverses with seasons; due to land-sea temperature differences, summer winds blow from sea to land bringing rain, winter the opposite.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #季风
科里奥利力怎样影响风向？
How does the Coriolis force affect winds?
地球自转让北半球运动的空气持续右偏、南半球左偏，而偏转方向总与运动方向垂直，所以它只改变风向，不给空气加速。纬度越高、风速越大，偏转越明显，赤道附近几乎不偏。真正推动空气的是气压梯度力，科里奥利力要等空气动起来才起作用；两者大致平衡时，风便沿等压线吹而不是直穿等压线，信风带、西风带和气旋的旋转都由此而来。
Earth's rotation makes moving air swing steadily right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern, and since the deflection always acts across the direction of travel, it turns the wind aside without speeding the air up. The swing grows with latitude and with wind speed, and near the equator it all but disappears. The pressure-gradient force is what actually drives the air, and Coriolis only takes hold once the air is already moving; when that deflection and the pressure gradient roughly balance, wind runs along the isobars instead of straight across them, which is where the trade winds, the westerlies and the spin of cyclones come from.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #科里奥利
什么是露点？
What is the dew point?
前提是气压与水汽含量不变：空气降温，饱和水汽压下降，实际水汽压一到饱和值、相对湿度成 100%，水汽就在草叶上凝出，这温度即露点。它衡量水汽的实际多少，比相对湿度更可比：同为 80% 的相对湿度，暖空气含水汽远多于冷空气，沿海闷夜露点几乎贴着气温，内陆干夜则低得多。表面本身已低于 0°C 时，水汽越过液态直接凝华为霜。
The premise is constant pressure and unchanged vapor content: as air cools, saturation vapor pressure falls, and once the actual vapor pressure reaches it, when relative humidity becomes 100%, vapor condenses on a grass blade, and that temperature is the dew point. It measures how much vapor is really there, so it is more comparable than relative humidity: at the same 80% relative humidity warm air holds far more vapor than cold air, and on a muggy coastal night the dew point sits almost against the temperature but on a dry inland night far below. Where the surface itself is already below 0°C, vapor skips the liquid and deposits as frost.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #露点
有时预报有雨，为什么天上却一滴没下？
Sometimes rain is forecast but not a drop falls—why?
雨滴在下落时可能遇到干燥暖层被完全蒸发，形成“雨幡”（virga）；或者雨云正好从你头顶偏开了一点。这叫“预报有雨却没下到本地”。
Falling drops can evaporate in a dry warm layer below (virga), or the rain cloud simply missed your spot. That is why a forecast of rain may not reach you.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#雨幡 #蒸发
什么是大气急流？
What is the jet stream?
急流是对流层顶附近一条窄而长的强西风带，位于冷暖空气之间的锋区上方：温差越大，热成风平衡要求的高空西风越强，所以冬季比夏季更强、位置也更偏南。它像导轨一样引导高空槽脊和地面风暴东移，也让跨洋航班顺风省时、逆风误时。它并非固定的一条风带，会波动、分裂和南北摆动，一摆动就让某地持续偏旱或偏涝；它也在高空，地面风弱不代表急流消失。
The jet stream is a narrow, elongated ribbon of strong westerly wind near the tropopause, sitting above the front between cold and warm air: the greater the temperature contrast, the stronger the upper westerly that thermal-wind balance requires, so it is stronger and lies farther south in winter than in summer. It works like a track steering upper-level troughs and ridges and their surface storms eastward, and it makes transoceanic flights faster with a tailwind and slower into a headwind. It is not one fixed belt but waves, splits and shifts north and south, and each shift leaves one region persistently dry and another wet; and it sits aloft, so light surface wind does not mean the jet has gone.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #急流
雷电为什么喜欢劈高处的树和楼，避雷针又是怎么保护的？
Why does lightning hit tall trees and buildings, and how do lightning rods protect?
雷云下方电场在最高、最尖的物体顶端最强，容易先放电，所以高处更易被击中。避雷针是一根通地的金属针，主动引雷入地，让电流绕过建筑。
The electric field under a storm cloud is strongest at the tallest, pointiest tip, so it discharges there first. A lightning rod is a grounded metal point that draws the strike down harmlessly to earth, sparing the building.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#雷电 #避雷针
辐射雾和平流雾有什么不同，怎么区分？
How do radiation fog and advection fog differ?
辐射雾是晴朗无风的夜里地面散热、近地空气变冷凝结，多出现在清晨山谷；平流雾是暖湿空气流过冷地面或冷海面冷却成雾，常伴随风、多见于沿海。
Radiation fog forms on clear calm nights when the ground cools the air above it, common in valleys at dawn. Advection fog forms when warm moist air moves over a cold surface, often with wind along coasts.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#辐射雾 #平流雾
撒哈拉的沙尘为何能肥育亚马孙？
Why can Sahara dust fertilize the Amazon?
东风带把撒哈拉富含铁磷的粉尘跨大西洋吹到南美，为亚马孙雨林补给流失的矿物养分，是跨洲生物地球化学联系。
Trade winds carry iron- and phosphorus-rich Sahara dust across the Atlantic to South America, replenishing nutrients the Amazon loses—a cross-continent biogeochemical link.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#沙尘 #铁肥
为什么沙漠白天很热夜里很冷？
Why are deserts hot by day and cold at night?
沙漠空气干燥、云少，白天太阳辐射几乎全到地面而升温快；夜里缺乏云层保温，热量迅速散失。
Dry desert air and few clouds let sunlight heat the ground fast by day, and at night lacking cloud cover heat escapes quickly.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #沙漠气候
什么是相对湿度？
What is relative humidity?
相对湿度是空气里实际水汽量占同温度下最多能容纳水汽量的百分比，100%就是饱和要凝结。
Relative humidity is the percent of water vapor present versus the maximum at that temperature; 100% means the air is saturated and vapor begins to condense.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #湿度
梅雨季节为什么衣服总也晒不干？
Why do clothes never dry in the plum-rain (Meiyu) season?
梅雨期空气又暖又湿，连续阴雨、日照少，衣服上的水很难蒸发，所以晾很久还是潮的。
During the Meiyu season the air is warm and very humid with continuous rain and little sun, so moisture on clothes hardly evaporates and they stay damp.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#梅雨 #湿度
什么是风切变？
What is wind shear?
风切变是风速或风向在短距离内的明显差异：垂直切变发生在上下层之间，水平切变在同一高度上。近地面风被摩擦和地形转向，高空风由气压场主导，两层常对不上方向。它的强弱看差值而非风速本身，两层都不算快而方向相反，照样是强切变。强垂直切变会把发展中的雷暴上部吹离底部、切断暖湿入流，使对流难以为继；低空风切变则在起降瞬间改变空速与升力，格外危险。
Wind shear is a marked difference of wind speed or direction over a short distance: vertical shear between layers at different heights, horizontal shear along a single level. Friction and terrain turn the wind near the ground while the upper wind follows the pressure field, so the two layers often fail to line up. Its strength is that difference rather than the wind speed itself, so two sluggish layers blowing opposite ways still give strong shear. Strong vertical shear blows the top of a developing thunderstorm off its base and cuts off the warm moist inflow, so convection struggles to persist; low-level shear, changing airspeed and lift together during takeoff and landing, is what makes it so hazardous for aircraft.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #风切变
山脉背风坡为什么常常形成雨影区、气候干燥？
Why do dry rain shadow regions form on the leeward side of mountains?
湿润气流爬升山脉时冷却凝结、在迎风坡降水，过山后空气下沉增温、水汽难以凝结，于是在背风坡形成少雨干燥的雨影区。美国大盆地与喜马拉雅北坡都是典型例子。
Moist air rises and cools on the windward slope, condensing and dropping precipitation; after crossing the crest the air descends, warms, and holds its moisture, creating a dry leeward rain shadow. The Great Basin of the U.S. and the north side of the Himalaya are classic examples.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
卢特根斯、塔巴克《大气：科学导论》，Pearson，2011
Lutgens, F.K. & Tarbuck, E.J., The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, Pearson, 2011
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ARCHIVE 标识 isbn_2900131015677：The atmosphere : an introd
#雨影效应 #地形降水 #焚风
什么是副热带高压？
What is the subtropical high?
赤道受热上升的空气在高空向两极流动，到南北纬约30°上空堆积下沉，构成哈得来环流的下沉支。下沉中空气被压缩变暖，水汽难凝结，所以云少雨稀，地面形成副热带高压带。它随太阳直射点移动，夏季偏北、冬季偏南，中国东部的梅雨与伏旱都跟它的进退有关。易混的是，同一纬度上大陆西岸多沙漠而东岸湿润，因为高压西侧把海上湿空气送上了岸。
Air heated at the equator rises and flows poleward aloft, piling up to sink near 30° latitude as the descending limb of the Hadley cell. Sinking, it is compressed and warms, water vapour can no longer condense, so cloud and rain are scarce and a subtropical high builds at the surface. The belt drifts with the sun, poleward in summer and back toward the equator in winter, and the plum rain front and summer droughts of eastern China follow its advance and retreat. What misleads people is that at this same latitude western continental margins are mostly desert while eastern coasts stay humid, because the western flank of the high pushes moist ocean air ashore.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #副高
雪花为什么大多是六角形的？
Why are most snowflakes six-sided?
冰的微小晶体按六方结构排列，水分子以固定角度结合，所以长成的雪花基本都是六角对称。
Ice crystals grow in a hexagonal lattice, with water molecules bonding at fixed angles, so snowflakes are basically six-fold symmetric.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#雪花 #冰晶
雷声为什么总是“轰隆隆”持续很久？
Why does thunder rumble on and on?
闪电有几公里长，离你近的一头和远的一头声音传到耳朵的时间不同，再加上山和云的反射，听上去就变成连绵的隆隆声。
A lightning channel is kilometers long, so sound from its near and far ends arrives at different times, and echoes off hills and clouds turn it into a long rumble.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#雷声 #回声
什么是“冻雨”，为什么它能压断电线和树木？
What is freezing rain and why does it break wires and trees?
冻雨是过冷雨滴，落到0℃左右的物体上立刻结成透明冰（雨凇）。冰越裹越厚，重量会把电线、树枝压断。
Freezing rain is supercooled; it freezes into clear glaze ice on objects near 0°C. The thickening ice gets so heavy it snaps wires and branches.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#冻雨 #雨凇
为什么先看到闪电后听到雷声？
Why do we see lightning before hearing thunder?
同一次放电同时发出光和声，先看到闪电只因两者速度悬殊：光速约30万公里每秒，几乎瞬间到达；空气中声速约340米每秒，1秒才走几百米。这段差距还能用来估算距离，延迟每多约3秒，雷暴就大约远1公里。容易被误读的是雷声常常隆隆不断，这并不是打雷在持续发生，而是放电路径上不同点产生的声音先后抵达，又被地面与云底反射拉长。
One and the same discharge emits light and sound together, and the flash comes first only because their speeds differ so greatly: light travels about 300,000 km/s and arrives almost instantly, while sound in air travels about 340 m/s, only a few hundred metres in one second. That gap also lets you estimate distance, since every three extra seconds of delay puts the storm roughly one kilometre farther away. The rolling thunder that follows is easy to misread: the strike is not still happening, but sound generated at different points along the channel arrives at different times, and reflections from the ground and cloud base stretch it out.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #闪电
为什么早晨和傍晚的太阳看起来是红色的？
Why does the Sun look red at dawn and dusk?
早晚阳光斜着穿过更厚的大气，蓝光被散射掉很多，剩下红光为主，所以太阳显得红。
At those times sunlight passes obliquely through thicker air; blue light is scattered away, leaving mostly red, so the Sun looks red.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#太阳 #散射
什么是焚风？
What is a foehn wind?
潮湿空气沿迎风坡爬升，膨胀冷却，水汽凝成雨雪落下，翻过山脊时已变干。干空气在背风坡下沉时被增大的气压压缩，按干绝热方式升温，降得越多越暖，吹来又热又干的风。阿尔卑斯山的焚风里，同一海拔背风坡比迎风坡更暖更干，所以它能迅速融化积雪、催熟作物。它只限于山后狭长一带，风向一转就消失；热不是从别处搬来，而是下沉压缩造成的。
Moist air forced up the windward slope expands and cools until its water condenses out as rain or snow, so by the time it crosses the ridge it has turned dry. Sinking down the lee slope it is squeezed by increasing pressure and warms dry-adiabatically, the further it drops the warmer it gets, arriving as a hot, parched wind. In an Alpine foehn, at the same height the lee side is warmer and drier than the windward side, which is why it melts snow fast and ripens crops early. It reaches only a narrow strip below the ridge and dies the moment the wind reverses; the heat is not carried in from somewhere else, it comes from compression during descent.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #焚风
什么是锋面？
What is a front?
冷暖气团相遇的交界面叫锋面，空气被迫抬升，常带来阴雨或大风天气。
A front is the boundary of air masses; rising air there brings clouds, rain or wind.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #锋面
雷暴是怎么产生的？
How do thunderstorms form?
暖湿空气强烈上升，水汽冷凝成积雨云，云内电荷分离产生闪电和雷声。
Warm moist air rises strongly, condenses into cumulonimbus clouds, and charge separation inside the cloud produces lightning and thunder.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #雷暴
为什么广东、福建夏天常刮台风，而内陆很少？
Why do Guangdong and Fujian get summer typhoons while inland areas rarely do?
台风在温暖的西北太平洋上生成，登陆后一路深入内陆会因摩擦和失去暖湿海水能量而迅速减弱，所以沿海首当其冲、内陆很少。
Typhoons form over the warm NW Pacific; after landfall friction and loss of warm-sea energy quickly weaken them, so the coast is hit first and inland rarely.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#台风 #沿海
什么是飑线？
What is a squall line?
飑线是一条狭长的强雷暴带，多排在冷锋或冷空气外流边界前缘：雷暴的冷下沉把低层空气铺开成冷空气堤，暖湿空气撞上堤被强烈抬升，前方不断点起新单体、后方老单体消亡，整条线像传送带般前推。它比单个雷暴大而持久，一个单体只活几十分钟，整条能撑好几个小时。易混的是锋面雨带：锋面降水通常缓和成片，飑线的标志是风力突增、风向急转，气压与温度几分钟内跳变，还常伴冰雹。
A squall line is a long, narrow band of severe thunderstorms, usually riding just ahead of a cold front or a cold-air outflow boundary: the cold downdraft of each storm spreads low-level air into a dam of cold air, warm moist air hitting that dam is lifted hard, new cells keep igniting at the front while old ones die at the rear, and the whole line advances like a conveyor belt. It is larger and longer-lived than a single storm, which lasts only tens of minutes, whereas the line can hold together for several hours. The confusion is with a frontal rain band: frontal precipitation is gentle and widespread, while the signature of a squall line is wind rising suddenly, the direction swinging, pressure and temperature jumping within minutes, and often hail with it.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #飑线
海边为什么白天吹海风、夜里吹陆风？
Why does the sea breeze blow by day and the land breeze by night?
白天陆地升温快、空气上升，海上的冷空气补过来形成海风；夜里陆地降温快、海上相对暖，风又从陆地吹向海。
By day land heats fast and air rises, drawing cool sea air inland (sea breeze); at night land cools fast and air flows from land to the warmer sea (land breeze).
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#海陆风 #比热
为什么云会下雨？
Why do clouds rain?
云中水滴变大变重，空气托不住就落下来成雨。
Cloud droplets grow heavy and fall when air can't hold them.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#降水 #水滴 #云
什么是“穿衣指数”，它是怎么算出来的？
What is the “clothing index” and how is it worked out?
穿衣指数是综合气温、风、湿度和日照等，给出“该穿多少”的建议。冷风大或湿度高时，体感更冷，建议就穿得更厚。
The clothing index combines temperature, wind, humidity and sun to advise how to dress. Strong wind or high humidity makes it feel colder, so it suggests warmer clothes.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#穿衣指数 #生活
冰雹是怎么形成的？
How does hail form?
强对流云中冰粒被上升气流反复托起，层层裹上水再冻结，越长越大后落地成冰雹。
In strong storm clouds ice pellets are lifted repeatedly by updrafts, coating with water that freezes, growing until they fall as hail.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #冰雹
台风和飓风有什么不同？
What is the difference between a typhoon and a hurricane?
本质是同一种热带气旋，只是发生的海域叫法不同：西北太平洋称台风，大西洋和东北太平洋称飓风。
They are the same kind of tropical cyclone; the name differs by region: typhoon in the NW Pacific, hurricane in the Atlantic and NE Pacific.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #热带气旋
彩虹为什么总在雨后、出现在太阳的对面？
Why does a rainbow appear after rain, opposite the Sun?
阳光射进空气中的小水滴，经过折射和反射再射出，方向大约偏转42度，所以彩虹总在背对太阳那一侧的天空。
Sunlight enters raindrops, is refracted and reflected, and leaves at about a 42° angle, so the rainbow always sits in the sky opposite the Sun.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#彩虹 #折射
龙卷风预警（watch）和警报（warning）有什么区别？
What is the difference between a tornado watch and a tornado warning?
预警(watch)指某一地区气象条件有利于龙卷生成，提醒居民保持警惕；警报(warning)则说明龙卷已被雷达或目击确认、正在或即将发生，需立即避险。两者由美国国家气象局发布，代表不同的确定程度。
A tornado watch means conditions are favorable for tornadoes to form in an area and people should stay alert; a tornado warning means a tornado has been detected by radar or sighted and is occurring or imminent, requiring immediate shelter. Both are issued by the U.S. National Weather Service at different levels of certainty.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#龙卷风 #预警 #警报
什么是“体感温度”，为什么有时比实际气温高很多？
What is “apparent temperature” and why can it feel hotter than the thermometer?
体感温度是人体实际感到的冷热，受风、湿度和日照影响。闷热天汗水难蒸发，散热差，就会觉得比气温更热。
Apparent temperature is what your body actually feels, affected by wind, humidity and sun. In muggy weather sweat hardly evaporates, so it feels hotter than the reading.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#体感温度 #湿度
亚洲季风与青藏高原隆升有什么关系？
How is the Asian monsoon linked to Tibetan Plateau uplift?
青藏高原隆起形成巨大的热源和地形屏障，加剧了海陆气压差，使东亚和南亚季风更强、更规律。
The rising plateau became a huge heat source and barrier, strengthening land-sea pressure contrasts and making East and South Asian monsoons stronger and more regular.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#季风 #青藏高原
阻塞高压怎样引发极端热浪？
How does a blocking high trigger extreme heatwaves?
高压系统停滞不动，下沉气流压制云雨、晴朗增温，使某地区连续多日被高温笼罩。
A stationary high-pressure system sinks air, suppresses clouds and rain and lets clear skies bake one region with heat for days.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#阻塞高压 #热浪
我们为什么会有天气变化？
Why do we have weather?
太阳把地球不同地方晒得冷热不同，空气和水汽到处流动，就带来了各种天气。天气就是大气每天的变化。
The Sun heats different parts of Earth unevenly, and moving air and water vapor create all kinds of weather. Weather is the daily change in the atmosphere.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #气候 #大气
雷声是怎么来的？
Why does thunder happen?
闪电划过时把空气瞬间烧得火热，空气猛地膨胀发出巨响，就是雷声。雷声总是跟在闪电后面。
Lightning heats the air in a flash, and the sudden expansion makes a loud boom we call thunder. Thunder always follows the lightning.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #雷 #声音
打雷下雨时，为什么不能躲在大树下？
Why shouldn't we shelter under a big tree during thunder?
大树又高又湿，容易被雷电击中，电流还会顺着地面传到附近的人，非常危险。
A tall, wet tree is easily struck by lightning, and the current can spread along the ground to nearby people, which is very dangerous.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#雷电 #安全
早上为什么会有雾？
Why is there fog in the morning?
靠近地面的空气变冷，水汽凝结成许多小水珠，密密麻麻飘在近处，就是雾。
When air near the ground cools, its water vapor turns into countless tiny drops that float close to the earth, and that is fog.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #雾 #水
为什么傍晚的天空会变成橙红色？
Why does the sky turn orange and red at sunset?
日落时阳光穿过更厚的大气层，波长较短的蓝紫光被散射掉，剩下波长较长的红橙光直达眼睛。瑞利散射使白天天空呈现蓝色，而更长的光程让暖色占据主导。
At sunset sunlight travels through a thicker slice of atmosphere, so shorter-wavelength blue and violet light is scattered away while longer-wavelength red and orange light reaches the eye. Rayleigh scattering gives the blue daytime sky, and the long path makes warm colors dominate.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
卢特根斯、塔巴克《大气：科学导论》，Pearson，2011
Lutgens, F.K. & Tarbuck, E.J., The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, Pearson, 2011
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ARCHIVE 标识 isbn_2900131015677：The atmosphere : an introd
#瑞利散射 #日落 #天空颜色
南方春天“回南天”时，为什么墙壁和地板会出水？
In southern China's “returning humidity” spring days, why do walls and floors sweat water?
暖湿的空气碰到还冰凉的墙壁和地板，水汽遇冷凝结成水珠，所以表面看起来“出水”了。
Warm, moist air meets still-cold walls and floors, and the water vapor condenses into droplets on the surface, making it look like it is sweating.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#回南天 #凝结
闪电是怎么来的？
Why does lightning flash?
云里正负电越积越多，最后一下子打通放出强光，就是闪电。闪电其实是巨大的电火花。
Clouds build up opposite electric charges until they snap together in a bright flash; that giant spark is lightning.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #闪电 #电
云是什么？
What is a cloud?
云是空气中无数微小的水滴或冰晶聚在一起，飘在高空被人看见的白团。
A cloud is a visible mass of tiny water droplets or ice crystals floating in the sky.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #云
为什么“下雪不冷化雪冷”？
Why is it colder when snow melts than when it falls?
雪融化时要吸收周围的热量（熔化吸热），加上融雪后地面潮湿、夜间辐射降温快，所以常觉得化雪更冷。
Melting snow absorbs heat from its surroundings, and the wet ground then cools quickly at night, so it often feels colder during thaw.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#下雪 #化雪
什么是气压？
What is air pressure?
气压是空气重量压在地面上的力，越往高处空气越薄，气压就越低。
Air pressure is the weight of air on the surface; higher up the air is thinner so pressure is lower.
难度 入门 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #气压
雨后泥土的香味是哪来的？
Why does rain smell good?
下雨前土壤里的细菌会放出一种清香味道，雨点一砸开就把香味散发出来。很多人觉得这味道很好闻。
Tiny soil bacteria release a fresh scent, and raindrops splash it into the air. Many people enjoy that rainy smell.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #雨 #气味
海市蜃楼是怎么出现的？
How does a mirage appear?
地面附近空气被晒得过热，上下层密度差很大，光线弯曲把远处景物折射到眼前，就看到了蜃景。
Hot air near the ground bends light because of sharp density differences, refracting distant scenes into view as a mirage.
难度 入门 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#海市蜃楼 #折射
夏天为什么会下冰雹？
Why does it hail in summer?
强风把小冰粒反复吹到高空结冰，一层层裹大，太重了就掉下来变成冰雹。
Strong winds toss small ice bits up into freezing air again and again, adding layers until they are too heavy and fall as hail.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #冰雹 #风暴
冬天为什么会下雪？
Why does it snow in winter?
当高空和近地面气温都降到0℃以下，云里的水汽会直接凝结成冰晶飘落，就是雪。
When temperatures aloft and near the ground fall below 0°C, cloud moisture freezes into ice crystals that fall as snow.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #降雪
风是怎么形成的？
How does wind form?
太阳加热不均使空气温度密度不同，高压空气流向低压，就形成了风。
Uneven solar heating makes air differ in temperature and density, so air flows from high to low pressure, forming wind.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #风
龙卷风为什么能把房子整栋卷走？
Why can a tornado lift a whole house?
龙卷风中心气压极低，房屋内外形成巨大压力差，再加上高速旋转的狂风，就可能把屋顶甚至整栋房掀翻。
A tornado's center has very low pressure, creating a huge pressure difference across a house, and its fast spinning winds can rip off roofs or even overturn the whole building.
难度 入门 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#龙卷风 #气压
沙尘暴里的沙子大多来自哪里？
Where does most sand in a dust storm come from?
多来自干旱区的戈壁、干涸湖盆和退化土地，强风把细尘卷上高空，能飘到很远的地方。
Mostly from dry gobi, dried lake beds and degraded land; strong winds lift fine dust high and carry it far away.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#沙尘暴 #荒漠
飓风是怎么形成的？
Why do hurricanes form?
海洋上暖湿空气快速旋转上升，卷成巨大的风暴圈，就形成了飓风。飓风会带来强风和暴雨。
Warm, moist ocean air spins upward into a huge rotating storm, and that becomes a hurricane. Hurricanes bring powerful winds and heavy rain.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #飓风 #风暴
什么是“桑拿天”，为什么又热又湿最难受？
What is “sauna weather” and why is hot and humid so unpleasant?
桑拿天指高温高湿、闷热无风的天气。湿度大时汗水难蒸发，身体散不掉热，所以特别难受。
“Sauna weather” means hot, humid and still air. High humidity stops sweat from evaporating, so the body cannot shed heat and it feels awful.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#桑拿天 #体感
台风的“风眼”里面为什么反而风平浪静？
Why is the typhoon's “eye” calm while all around is storm?
风眼是台风中心，空气在这里下沉而不是上升，云少风小；但风眼墙壁（眼墙）却是风雨最猛的地方。
The eye is the typhoon's center where air sinks rather than rises, so it is clear and calm, while the surrounding eyewall has the strongest winds and rain.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#台风 #风眼
冬天为什么窗户玻璃内侧会结露水？
Why do water droplets form on the inside of windows in winter?
室内温暖的空气含较多水汽，碰到冰冷的玻璃变冷，水汽就凝结成小水珠。
Warm indoor air holds more moisture; when it touches the cold glass it cools, and the vapor condenses into tiny droplets.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#结露 #窗户
夏天开空调的室外机排热，和“城市热岛”有关系吗？
Does an air conditioner's outdoor heat relate to the urban heat island?
有。无数空调外机、汽车和建筑材料把热量排到室外，再加上绿地少，城市中心往往比郊区热好几度。
Yes. Countless AC units, cars and building materials dump heat outdoors, and with little greenery the city center is often several degrees hotter than the suburbs.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#城市热岛 #空调
天气预报里的“降水概率”是什么意思？
What does “probability of precipitation” in a weather forecast mean?
它表示某个地区在预报时段内下雨（或雪）的可能性，比如60%是指相似天气下有六成会降水，并不保证一定下。
It is the chance that rain or snow will fall in the area during the forecast period; 60% means precipitation occurs in six out of ten similar situations, not a guarantee.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气预报 #降水概率
为什么夏天比冬天热？
Why is summer hotter than winter?
夏天太阳照射角度高、白天长，地面接收热量多；冬天太阳低斜、白天短，接收热量少。
In summer the sun is high and days are long, so the ground gets more heat; in winter the sun is low and days short, giving less heat.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #季节
什么是霜冻？
What is frost?
晴朗无风的夜里地面散热快，贴近物体的温度降到0℃以下，水汽就在上面凝成一层白霜。
On clear calm nights the ground cools fast; surfaces below 0°C let water vapor freeze into white frost.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #霜
雨后为什么会出现彩虹？
Why do rainbows appear after rain?
雨后空气里飘着很多小水珠，阳光穿过水珠被分开成七种颜色，就出现了彩虹。
After rain, tiny water drops hang in the air and split sunlight into seven colors, making a rainbow.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #彩虹 #光
季风是怎么形成的？
Why do monsoons happen?
夏天陆地比海洋升温快，热空气上升，海上的湿润空气被吸进来下雨，形成季风。冬天方向相反，风从陆地吹向海洋。
In summer the land heats faster than the ocean, warm air rises, and moist sea air is pulled inland bringing rain; that is the monsoon. In winter the pattern reverses and wind blows from land to sea.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#季风 #气候 #风
台风预警信号分几种颜色，各代表什么？
What do the colored typhoon warning signals mean?
我国常用蓝、黄、橙、红四级，颜色越深风越强：蓝色注意、黄色加强、橙色停课停工、红色最高级需特别防范。
China uses blue, yellow, orange and red; darker means stronger wind: blue means beware, yellow stronger, orange close schools and work, red is the top level needing special care.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#台风 #预警
雾和云有什么不同？
What is the difference between fog and cloud?
云在空中，雾贴近地面，其实都是悬浮的小水滴，只是出现的位置高低不同。
Clouds are in the sky and fog is near the ground, but both are suspended tiny water droplets differing only in height.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #雾
草叶上为什么会有霜？
Why does frost form on grass?
夜里草叶表面变很冷，空气里的水汽直接冻成小冰晶，就是霜。霜常在晴朗寒冷的早晨出现。
At night the grass gets very cold and the water vapor in the air freezes straight into tiny ice crystals; that is frost. Frost shows up on clear, cold mornings.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #霜 #冰
云为什么能飘在天上？
Why do clouds float in the sky?
云是无数小水滴和小冰晶聚在一起，它们很轻，被上升的空气托着飘在天上。
Clouds are made of countless tiny water drops and ice crystals that are so light the rising air holds them up in the sky.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #云 #水
闪电为什么比太阳表面还热？
Why is lightning hotter than the Sun's surface?
闪电是一道强大电流穿过空气，温度能冲到约三万摄氏度，比太阳表面还热约五倍。空气被瞬间加热猛胀，就发出雷声。
Lightning is a powerful electric current through the air that reaches about 30,000°C, roughly five times hotter than the Sun's surface. The air heats and expands so fast that it booms as thunder.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#闪电 #温度 #天气
冰雹为什么能长得很大？
Why does hail get so big?
雷暴里上升气流很强，把小冰粒反复托回冰冷的高空，每次都裹上一层新冰。冰粒在云里上下翻滚多次，越长越大，直到风托不住才砸下来。
Inside a thunderstorm the updraft is so strong it carries small ice pellets back into freezing heights, adding a new ice layer each time. The pellet tumbles up and down many times, growing until the wind can no longer hold it.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#冰雹 #风暴 #天气
什么是大气河流？
What is an atmospheric river?
大气河流是天空中一条又长又窄、水汽极多的气流带，像空中输水管，能给沿岸带来暴雨和洪水。
An atmospheric river is a long narrow band of very moist air, like a sky pipeline that can dump heavy rain and floods on coasts.
难度 入门 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#大气河流 #水汽
暴风雪是怎么形成的？
Why do blizzards form?
当强冷空气遇上潮湿空气，大量雪花被狂风卷起，能见度变得很低，就成了暴风雪。暴风雪常带来低温和危险的积雪。
When bitter cold air meets moist air, huge amounts of snow are whipped by fierce wind with very low visibility; that is a blizzard. Blizzards bring freezing cold and dangerous snow.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#暴风雪 #雪 #天气
风是怎么吹起来的？
Why does the wind blow?
太阳把地面晒得不一样热，热空气往上跑、冷空气补过来，空气流动就成了风。
The Sun heats the ground unevenly, so warm air rises and cooler air rushes in to fill the space, and that moving air is wind.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
Tarbuck & Lutgens,《Earth Science》第14版,Pearson,2015
E. J. Tarbuck and F. K. Lutgens, Earth Science, 14th ed., Pearson, 2015
#天气 #风 #空气