风化 Earth Science

7 个科学问题 · 地球科学 Earth Science

本页目录

什么是「硅铝铁比率」?它反映什么?

What is the 'silica-alumina-iron ratio', and what does it reflect?

在风化地球化学中,常用SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3的相对富集程度刻画风化强度。强风化下硅被淋失、铝铁相对富集,此比值越低说明风化越彻底,常用于判别古风化壳成熟度。
In weathering geochemistry, the relative enrichment of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 gauges weathering intensity. Strong weathering leaches silica and enriches alumina and iron; a lower ratio means more complete weathering, used to judge paleoweathering maturity.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)

Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)

#硅铝铁 #风化强度 #地球化学

什么是风化壳?它有何研究价值?

What is a weathering mantle, and why is it studied?

风化壳是基岩经长期风化未被搬运而残留的疏松覆盖层,记录了气候、植被和侵蚀历史。不同气候带风化壳厚度和矿物组合不同,可反演古环境。
A weathering mantle is the loose residual cover left when bedrock weathers in place over long time, recording climate, vegetation and erosion history. Its thickness and mineral assemblage vary by climate zone, helping reconstruct paleoenvironments.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)

Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)

#风化壳 #残留 #古环境

物理风化和化学风化有什么不同?

How do physical and chemical weathering differ?

物理风化只把岩石打碎而不改变成分,如冻融胀裂、盐结晶;化学风化则通过水、氧气和酸使矿物发生溶解或转化,如长石风化成黏土。二者常同时进行。
Physical weathering only breaks rock without changing composition, like freeze-thaw cracking or salt crystallization; chemical weathering dissolves or transforms minerals via water, oxygen and acids, such as feldspar turning to clay. They often act together.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)

Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)

#物理风化 #化学风化 #冻融

温度日变化如何造成岩石风化?

How does daily temperature change weather rock?

昼夜温差使岩石表层与内部热胀冷缩不一致,长期产生疲劳微裂;在干旱区这种热力风化尤其明显,常使岩面剥落呈鳞片状。
Daily temperature swings make a rock's surface and interior expand and contract unevenly, gradually fatigue-cracking it; in arid regions this thermal weathering is pronounced, flaking surfaces into scales.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)

Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)

#热力风化 #温差 #剥落

为什么花岗岩常风化出球形块?

Why does granite often weather into spherical blocks?

花岗岩多组节理把岩体分割成块,地表附近的温差和水的渗入使棱角处风化更快,逐渐磨圆成球状风化(洋葱剥落)。这是典型的物理风化结果。
Granite's joint sets divide the rock into blocks; near the surface, temperature swings and water penetration weather the corners faster, rounding them into spherical weathering (onion peeling). It is a classic physical-weathering result.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)

Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)

#球状风化 #节理 #花岗岩

为什么大理石建筑在酸雨下会被腐蚀?

Why do marble buildings corrode under acid rain?

大理石主要成分碳酸钙会与酸反应溶解,酸雨中的硫酸、硝酸长期作用使表面粉化、字迹模糊。许多古老石雕因此面临风化威胁。
Marble's main component, calcium carbonate, dissolves in acid; long exposure to sulfuric and nitric acids in acid rain powders the surface and blurs inscriptions. Many ancient stone carvings face this weathering threat.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)

Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)

#大理石 #酸雨 #腐蚀

为什么岩石缝隙里的水结冰会撑裂石头?

Why does water freezing in rock cracks split stones?

水结冰体积膨胀约9%,在岩石缝隙中产生的压力可达很高,反复冻融像楔子一样把裂缝撑大,最终使石块崩落。这种作用在高山和寒区最常见。
Water expands about 9% when freezing, exerting high pressure in rock cracks; repeated freeze-thaw acts like a wedge widening fractures until chunks break off. This is most common in mountains and cold regions.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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舒良树 主编,《普通地质学》第3版(曾获全国首届优秀教材一等奖)

Shu Liangshu ed., General Geology, 3rd ed. (winner of the 1st National Excellent Textbook Award)

#冻融 #膨胀 #裂隙