客机机翼为什么要做成后掠的？
Why are airliner wings swept back?
决定翼型气动特性的主要是垂直于机翼前缘的法向速度分量。把机翼后掠，法向分量比飞行速度小，机翼上出现局部超声速和激波的时机被推迟，临界马赫数因此提高。代价是同样升力下翼根弯矩更大，低速时容易翼尖先失速，需要靠扭转和增升装置补偿。
The aerodynamic behaviour of an aerofoil is governed mainly by the velocity component normal to the leading edge. Sweeping the wing back makes that normal component smaller than the flight speed, delaying the onset of local supersonic flow and shock waves and thus raising the critical Mach number. The costs are higher root bending moment for the same lift and a tendency to stall at the tips first at low speed, which twist and high-lift devices must offset.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
Anderson，《空气动力学基础》（第6版）
Anderson, 'Fundamentals of Aerodynamics' (6th ed.)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787516504413（豆瓣书目条目: 空气动力学基础）
#后掠翼 #临界马赫数 #激波
直升机旋翼根部的挥舞铰解决了什么问题？
What problem does the flapping hinge at a helicopter rotor's root solve?
前飞时前行桨叶的相对气流速度大、升力大，后行桨叶相反，左右升力不平衡会使机身滚转。挥舞铰允许桨叶上下自由挥舞，升力大的一侧自动向上抬起、迎角减小，从而自动平衡两侧升力。这一发明使直升机具备可控的前飞能力，同时大幅降低了桨根的弯曲应力。
In forward flight the advancing blade meets faster relative airflow and makes more lift than the retreating blade, and this asymmetry would roll the fuselage. A flapping hinge lets each blade rise and fall freely, so the side making more lift flaps up, reduces its angle of attack and automatically equalises lift. This invention made controllable forward flight possible while greatly reducing bending stress at the blade root.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
Seddon《直升机空气动力学基础》；NASA
Seddon, Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics; NASA
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL16495261W：Basic helicopter aerod
#旋翼 #挥舞铰 #升力不对称
客机高空巡航时的『棺材角』指什么，为什么可用速度范围会被挤得很窄？
What is the coffin corner in high-altitude airline cruise, and why does the usable speed band shrink there?
随高度上升空气密度下降，维持升力所需的真空速升高，失速边界随之上移；同时高空气温低、音速小，飞机更早接近临界马赫数，出现激波诱导分离造成的马赫抖振。两条边界一升一降，在某个高度附近合成很窄的可用速度带，即棺材角，稍慢会失速、稍快会抖振，而转弯时载荷因数增大又会抬高失速速度，进一步压缩余量。因此运行上按重量与温度确定最大巡航高度（含 1.3g 抖振余量），并用自动油门与阶梯爬升把飞机保持在这个安全窗口内。
As altitude rises, thinner air raises the true airspeed needed for lift so the stall boundary climbs, while colder air lowers the speed of sound so the aircraft meets its critical Mach number and shock-induced separation buffet sooner. The two boundaries converge into a narrow usable band — the coffin corner — where flying slightly slower stalls and slightly faster buffets, and the increased load factor of any turn raises stall speed and squeezes the margin further. Operationally a maximum cruise altitude is derived from weight and temperature with a 1.3g buffet margin, and autothrottle plus step climbs keep the aircraft inside that window.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Anderson，《Fundamentals of Aerodynamics》（第6版）；FAA《Airplane Flying Handbook》(FAA-H-8083-3C) 高空运行章
Anderson, 'Fundamentals of Aerodynamics' (6th ed.); FAA 'Airplane Flying Handbook' (FAA-H-8083-3C), high-altitude operations
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9781947192898 (2021)
#棺材角 #马赫抖振 #临界马赫数
什么是压气机喘振，为什么对发动机很危险？
What is compressor surge and why is it dangerous for an engine?
压气机叶片本质是一排排小机翼，当来流迎角过大或背压过高时叶片会气流分离，失去压升能力。分离扩散到整级后，气流会沿轴向前后剧烈脉动甚至反流，这就是喘振，伴随巨响和推力骤降。它会造成叶片高周疲劳和超温，因此发动机设有可调静叶、放气活门和防喘控制律。
Compressor blades are essentially rows of small aerofoils, and if the incoming flow angle is too large or the back pressure too high the flow separates and the blades stop raising pressure. When separation spreads across a whole stage the flow pulsates violently along the axis and may even reverse, which is surge, accompanied by a loud bang and sudden thrust loss. It causes blade fatigue and overtemperature, so engines fit variable stator vanes, bleed valves and anti-surge control laws.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
廉筱纯、吴虎《航空发动机原理》，西北工业大学出版社，循环分析与效率章节
J. D. Mattingly, Elements of Gas Turbine Propulsion, McGraw-Hill, cycle analysis chapters on bypass ratio
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9780665590955 (2002)
#压气机 #喘振 #发动机安全
飞机起落架的油气减震支柱和汽车的弹簧减振器有什么不同？
How does an aircraft oleo-pneumatic strut differ from a car's spring-and-damper suspension?
油气支柱把弹性元件与阻尼元件合成一体：封闭腔内的压缩氮气充当非线性气弹簧，刚度随行程压缩急剧上升，油液被迫通过小孔或计量针形成的变截面通道产生阻尼力。这样它能吸收着陆瞬间巨大的下沉动能并在一两个行程内耗散掉，几乎不回弹，避免飞机反复弹跳；汽车弹簧刚度基本线性、以乘坐舒适为目标，允许多次振荡由减振器逐渐衰减。设计上要按最大设计下沉速度校核吸能量与吸能效率，还要考虑气体温度变化引起的静态伸长差异。
An oleo strut merges spring and damper in one unit: sealed nitrogen acts as a strongly nonlinear gas spring whose stiffness rises steeply with stroke, while oil forced through an orifice or metering pin produces the damping force. That lets it absorb the large sink energy of touchdown and dissipate it within one or two strokes with almost no rebound, preventing bounce, whereas a car spring is nearly linear, tuned for ride comfort and tolerating several oscillations decayed by the shock absorber. Design must verify absorbed energy and absorption efficiency against the maximum design sink speed and allow for gas-temperature effects on static strut extension.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Currey，《Aircraft Landing Gear Design: Principles and Practices》（AIAA，1988）
Currey, 'Aircraft Landing Gear Design: Principles and Practices' (AIAA, 1988)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9780930403416 (1988)
#起落架 #油气减震支柱 #吸能效率
迎角传感器和失速警告是怎么配合的？
How do the angle-of-attack sensor and stall warning work together?
失速取决于迎角而不是速度，因此机身上装有随气流偏转的迎角风标或压差探头，实时测量迎角。当迎角接近临界值时，系统触发抖杆器或语音警告，提醒飞行员推杆减小迎角。现代飞机还有失速保护，会自动限制驾驶输入，但传感器故障可能导致虚假触发，所以通常有多套冗余。
Stall depends on angle of attack rather than speed, so the airframe carries a vane or differential-pressure probe that measures angle of attack directly. As it approaches the critical value the system fires a stick shaker or aural warning telling the pilot to push forward and reduce the angle. Modern aircraft add stall protection that limits control inputs automatically, but a faulty sensor can trigger it falsely, so multiple redundant probes are fitted.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Anderson，《Fundamentals of Aerodynamics》（第6版）；FAA《Airplane Flying Handbook》(FAA-H-8083-3C) 高空运行章
Anderson, 'Fundamentals of Aerodynamics' (6th ed.); FAA 'Airplane Flying Handbook' (FAA-H-8083-3C), high-altitude operations
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9781947192898 (2021)
#迎角 #失速警告 #冗余
翼尖那块竖起来的小翼为什么能省油？
Why does the little upturned winglet at the wing tip save fuel?
机翼上下表面压差在翼尖处使气流绕流，形成强烈的翼尖涡，涡的能量表现为诱导阻力。小翼把翼尖涡的形成位置推远、削弱其强度，相当于增大了有效展弦比，从而降低诱导阻力。在长航程巡航中这能带来百分之几的燃油节省，比单纯加长翼展更容易兼顾停机位限制。
The pressure difference between the wing's upper and lower surfaces makes air curl around the tip, forming a strong tip vortex whose energy appears as induced drag. A winglet pushes the vortex formation outboard and weakens it, effectively increasing the aspect ratio and cutting induced drag. Over a long cruise this saves a few percent of fuel, and it is easier to fit airport gate limits than simply making the wing longer.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
Anderson，《空气动力学基础》（第6版）
Anderson, 'Fundamentals of Aerodynamics' (6th ed.)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787516504413（豆瓣书目条目: 空气动力学基础）
#翼尖小翼 #诱导阻力 #燃油效率
无人机起飞前为什么常要转圈校准罗盘？
Why do drones often need a spinning compass calibration before flight?
无人机靠磁力计确定机头朝向，而机上的电机、电流和铁磁件会叠加固有磁场偏差，不同地点的地磁强度和磁偏角也不同。绕两个轴转动机身，让磁力计在多个方向采样，软件就能拟合出偏差椭球并加以补偿。若不校准或在钢筋、变压器附近起飞，可能出现航向错误导致画圈飞行。
A drone determines heading from its magnetometer, but onboard motors, currents and ferrous parts add fixed magnetic offsets, and geomagnetic strength and declination differ from place to place. Rotating the airframe about two axes samples the field in many directions so the software can fit and compensate the offset ellipsoid. Skipping calibration, or taking off near rebar or a transformer, can give a wrong heading and make the aircraft fly in circles.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Thrun、Burgard & Fox，《概率机器人学》（2005）
Thrun, Burgard & Fox, 'Probabilistic Robotics' (2005)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9780262332750 (2005)
#磁力计 #校准 #无人机
飞机机头旁边的空速管是怎么测速度的？
How does the pitot tube near an aircraft's nose measure speed?
空速管迎着来流的开口测到总压，机身侧面的静压孔测到静压，两者之差就是动压。由动压与空气密度的关系即可算出指示空速。所以空速管一旦被冰、昆虫或防尘套堵住，仪表就会给出错误速度，历史上多起事故与此有关，因此它必须加热除冰。
The forward-facing opening of the pitot tube senses total pressure while static ports on the fuselage sense static pressure, and the difference is dynamic pressure. From dynamic pressure and air density the indicated airspeed is computed. If the tube is blocked by ice, insects or a forgotten cover the instruments read wrongly, a factor in several historical accidents, which is why the probe is electrically heated.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
FAA 飞行手册；Anderson 空气动力学
FAA Flight Manual; Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL20903326W：Fundamentals of aerody
#空速管 #总压静压 #仪表
电传操纵比传统钢索操纵好在哪里？
What advantages does fly-by-wire have over traditional cable controls?
电传操纵把驾驶杆位移变成电信号，由飞控计算机解算后驱动作动器，中间没有沉重的钢索和滑轮，减重且布线灵活。计算机可以在指令中加入包线保护、自动配平和阵风减缓，让飞行员不易把飞机操纵到危险状态。代价是必须有多重冗余通道和软件适航验证，避免单点失效。
Fly-by-wire converts stick movement into electrical signals that a flight control computer interprets before driving the actuators, removing heavy cables and pulleys and saving weight while easing routing. The computer can add envelope protection, automatic trim and gust alleviation so the pilot cannot easily take the aircraft into a dangerous state. The price is multiple redundant channels and rigorous software certification to eliminate single-point failures.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#电传操纵 #包线保护 #冗余
飞机机翼后缘那些小金属条是做什么用的？
What are the small metal strips on an aircraft's trailing edge for?
那是静电放电刷。飞机在云中和空气摩擦会积累大量静电，若从机身尖端随机放电，会在无线电频段产生噪声，干扰通信和导航。放电刷用许多细小尖端把电荷平稳地释放到空气中，让电流走可控路径。它并不能防雷击，防雷靠的是机身导电壳体和搭接设计。
They are static discharge wicks. Flying through cloud and air builds up considerable static charge, and random discharge from a sharp airframe edge creates radio-band noise that disturbs communication and navigation. The wicks use many fine points to bleed the charge smoothly into the air along a controlled path. They do not protect against lightning; that relies on the conductive airframe shell and bonding design.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Anderson《空气动力学基础》；流动控制
Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics; flow control
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL20903326W：Fundamentals of aerody
#静电放电刷 #电磁干扰 #飞机系统
飞机加油前为什么一定要先用导线把加油车和飞机连起来？
Why must a fuel truck be bonded to the aircraft with a cable before refuelling starts?
航空煤油在管道和过滤器中高速流动会产生静电，油罐车、软管与飞机之间的电位可能相差上千伏，若在加油口附近放电，那里恰好可能处于油气可燃浓度范围，极易点燃。搭接线把飞机与加油设备（必要时还有地面）连成等电位，让电荷沿导线缓慢均衡而不是以火花方式释放。规范还要求限制加油流速、允许使用静电消散添加剂，并在过滤器下游留出足够的静置时间，以降低电荷积累。
Jet fuel flowing fast through pipes and filters generates static charge, so tanker, hose and aircraft can differ by thousands of volts, and a spark near the filler port sits exactly where fuel vapour may be within its flammable range. A bonding cable ties aircraft and fuelling equipment, plus ground where required, to the same potential so charge equalizes slowly through the conductor instead of jumping as a spark. Standards additionally limit flow velocity, permit static-dissipator additives and require relaxation time downstream of filters to limit charge build-up.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
NFPA 407《Standard for Aircraft Fuel Servicing》
NFPA 407, 'Standard for Aircraft Fuel Servicing'
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9781455914005 (2016)
#静电搭接 #航空加油安全 #可燃极限
飞机座舱为什么要加压，机内气压相当于多高？
Why is an aircraft cabin pressurised, and what altitude does the cabin pressure correspond to?
巡航高度的气压只有地面的四分之一左右，直接呼吸会缺氧。座舱把发动机压缩来的空气增压，使舱内相当于海拔两千米上下的气压，乘客可正常呼吸。舱内外压差会让机身承受循环载荷，所以机身按增压次数计算疲劳寿命，并设有多个泄压活门保护结构。
At cruise altitude the outside pressure is only about a quarter of sea level, too little to breathe safely. The cabin is pressurised with air compressed by the engines so that conditions inside correspond to roughly two thousand metres of altitude, which passengers tolerate normally. The pressure difference loads the fuselage cyclically, so its fatigue life is counted in pressurisation cycles and several relief valves protect the structure.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Anderson，《Fundamentals of Aerodynamics》（第6版）；FAA《Airplane Flying Handbook》(FAA-H-8083-3C) 高空运行章
Anderson, 'Fundamentals of Aerodynamics' (6th ed.); FAA 'Airplane Flying Handbook' (FAA-H-8083-3C), high-altitude operations
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9781947192898 (2021)
#座舱增压 #疲劳寿命 #客舱环境
客机巡航为什么要爬到一万米左右的高度？
Why do airliners climb to around ten thousand metres to cruise?
高空空气稀薄，同样速度下阻力小得多，发动机耗油率也更低，所以经济性最好。那里通常在对流层顶附近，天气系统和颠簸较少，飞行平稳。再高则空气太稀，发动机推力不足且飞行包线变窄，所以存在一个最佳高度区间。
Air is thin at high altitude, so drag at the same speed is far lower and the engines burn less fuel, giving the best economy. That level is near the top of the troposphere, where weather systems and turbulence are less frequent, making the ride smooth. Going much higher leaves too little air for engine thrust and narrows the flight envelope, so there is an optimum altitude band.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Anderson《空气动力学基础》；ICAO 巡航高度层
Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics; ICAO cruising levels
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787516504413（豆瓣书目条目: 空气动力学基础）；本条出处含多部著作，此标识只担保上面点名
#巡航高度 #阻力 #经济性
飞机的副翼、升降舵和方向舵分别管哪个方向？
Which axis do an aeroplane's ailerons, elevator and rudder each control?
副翼在机翼后缘，左右差动改变升力，使飞机绕纵轴滚转。升降舵在水平尾翼上，控制机头上下俯仰。方向舵在垂直尾翼上，让机头左右偏转。真实转弯通常是副翼滚转加方向舵配合，避免侧滑。
Ailerons sit on the wing trailing edge and move differentially to change lift, rolling the aircraft about its longitudinal axis. The elevator on the horizontal tail controls pitch, raising or lowering the nose. The rudder on the vertical fin yaws the nose left or right. A real turn normally combines aileron roll with coordinated rudder to avoid sideslip.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Anderson《空气动力学基础》；Roskam 飞行力学
Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics; Roskam, flight mechanics
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL20903326W：Fundamentals of aerody
#操纵面 #三轴 #飞行控制
飞机起降时伸出的襟翼和缝翼是干什么的？
What are the flaps and slats that extend during takeoff and landing for?
襟翼从机翼后缘向下伸出，增大机翼弯度和有效面积，从而在低速下提供更大升力，同时增加阻力帮助下降。缝翼在前缘打开一道气流通道，把高压气引到上翼面，推迟气流分离，提高可用迎角。二者配合使飞机能以更低的速度安全起飞和着陆，缩短跑道需求。
Flaps extend down and back from the wing trailing edge, increasing camber and effective area so the wing makes more lift at low speed while the extra drag helps the descent. Slats open a slot at the leading edge that channels high-pressure air onto the upper surface, delaying flow separation and raising the usable angle of attack. Together they let the aircraft take off and land safely at lower speed, shortening the runway needed.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
Roskam《飞机设计》；FAA 飞行手册
Roskam, Airplane Design; FAA Flight Manual
#襟翼 #缝翼 #增升装置
涡桨飞机为什么多用于支线和短途航线？
Why are turboprop aircraft mostly used on regional and short routes?
螺旋桨在中低速下推进效率很高，因此涡桨在每小时五六百公里以下比涡扇更省油。但桨尖速度接近声速后效率骤降，限制了它的巡航速度上限。支线航线航程短、爬升下降占比大，速度优势不明显，涡桨的低油耗和短跑道能力反而更划算。
Propellers are very efficient at low and moderate speeds, so a turboprop burns less fuel than a turbofan below roughly five to six hundred kilometres per hour. Efficiency falls sharply once the blade tips approach the speed of sound, which caps cruise speed. On regional routes the legs are short and climb and descent dominate, so speed matters less and the turboprop's low fuel burn and short-field capability win out.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
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Anderson《空气动力学基础》；Jane's 飞机
Anderson, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics; Jane's All the World's Aircraft
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ARCHIVE 标识 janesalltheworld34815gut：Jane's All the World
#涡桨 #推进效率 #支线航空
直升机为什么必须有尾桨？
Why must a helicopter have a tail rotor?
发动机带动主旋翼旋转时，按作用力与反作用力，机身会被反向扭矩推着向另一边转。尾桨产生侧向推力形成反扭矩，把机身按住，同时通过改变桨距控制机头朝向。共轴双旋翼或纵列双旋翼直升机让两副旋翼反向旋转互相抵消，就不需要尾桨。
When the engine spins the main rotor, reaction torque tries to spin the fuselage the other way. The tail rotor produces a sideways thrust that counters this torque and holds the body steady, and varying its pitch also steers the nose. Helicopters with coaxial or tandem rotors turn two rotors in opposite directions so the torques cancel, removing the need for a tail rotor.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
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Seddon《直升机空气动力学基础》；NASA
Seddon, Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics; NASA
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL16495261W：Basic helicopter aerod
#直升机 #反扭矩 #尾桨
飞机翼尖和机身上的红绿白灯分别代表什么？
What do the red, green and white lights on an aircraft's wingtips and body mean?
左翼尖是红灯，右翼尖是绿灯，尾部是白灯，这套航行灯沿用了航海的规则。夜间只要看到灯的颜色组合，就能判断对方飞机的相对朝向，例如同时看到红绿说明它正朝你飞来。此外还有防撞的红色闪光灯和高强度白色闪光灯，用于提高被发现的概率。
The left wingtip carries a red light, the right a green one and the tail a white one, a convention inherited from maritime navigation. At night the combination of colours reveals another aircraft's relative heading; seeing both red and green together means it is coming toward you. Aircraft also carry red anti-collision beacons and high-intensity white strobes to make themselves easier to spot.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
FAA 飞行手册；ICAO Annex 2 航空灯语
FAA Flight Manual; ICAO Annex 2 aircraft lights
#航行灯 #夜间飞行 #航空规则
飞机落地后发出巨大轰鸣的反推装置是怎么工作的？
How does the thrust reverser that roars after landing work?
反推装置通过可动整流罩或阻流门，把发动机涵道内向后的气流挡住并导向前方，使推力方向部分反转，帮助飞机减速。它主要分担刹车负担、缩短湿滑跑道上的着陆距离，而不是全部制动力来源。为安全起见，反推只能在起落架承力、飞机确认在地面时才允许打开。
A thrust reverser uses translating cowls or blocker doors to intercept the rearward flow in the engine duct and redirect it forward, partly reversing the thrust to slow the aircraft. It mainly shares the load with the wheel brakes and shortens landing distance on wet runways rather than providing all the braking. For safety it can only deploy when the landing gear is compressed and the aircraft is confirmed on the ground.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
Roskam《飞机设计》；发动机反推（ICAO）
Roskam, Airplane Design; thrust reverser (ICAO)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL6612019W：Airplane Design（首版 1989
#反推 #着陆减速 #发动机