什么是“六西格玛”?它如何用统计方法控制质量?
What is Six Sigma, and how does it use statistics to control quality?
六西格玛是一套以数据驱动的质量管理方法,目标是在考虑1.5σ偏移时每百万机会缺陷数不超过3.4。它用 DMAIC 流程与统计过程控制(SPC)持续降低过程变异。
Six Sigma is a data-driven quality methodology aiming for no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities (with a 1.5σ shift). It uses the DMAIC roadmap and statistical process control (SPC) to continuously reduce process variation.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。
美国质量学会(ASQ);Harry & Schroeder《六西格玛》
American Society for Quality (ASQ); Harry & Schroeder, 'Six Sigma: The Breakthrough Management Strategy'
#六西格玛 #DMAIC #统计过程控制 #缺陷率
什么是“增材制造”(3D 打印)?相比减材制造有何优势?
What is additive manufacturing (3D printing), and how does it compare with subtractive manufacturing?
增材制造按 CAD 模型逐层堆积材料成形,无需模具。优势是可做复杂几何、材料浪费少、适合快速原型;相对切削加工,速度较慢且性能可能呈各向异性。
Additive manufacturing builds parts layer by layer from a CAD model without tooling. Advantages are complex geometry, low material waste, and rapid prototyping; compared with machining it is slower and properties can be anisotropic.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。
美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)ASTM F2792《增材制造术语标准》;制造工程师学会(SME)
ASTM International ASTM F2792 'Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing'; SME (Society of Manufacturing Engineers)
#增材制造 #3D打印 #减材制造 #快速原型
什么是“公差”与“配合”?为什么零件要标注公差?
What are tolerance and fit, and why are tolerances specified on parts?
公差是允许的尺寸变动量,配合描述相配零件间的松紧关系(间隙配合、过渡配合、过盈配合)。标注公差可实现互换性、保证功能,又避免不必要的过高加工精度带来的成本。
Tolerance is the permissible variation in a dimension, and fit describes the clearance or interference between mating parts (clearance, transition, or interference fit). Specifying tolerances ensures interchangeability and function without the cost of unnecessarily high precision.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。
国际标准化组织(ISO)ISO 286《极限与配合》;ASME Y14.5《尺寸与几何公差》
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO 286 'Limits and Fits'; ASME Y14.5 'Dimensioning and Tolerancing'
#公差 #配合 #互换性 #几何公差