森林、海洋、土壤，凭什么能"存"住碳？
How can forests, oceans and soils actually "store" carbon?
植物光合作用把 CO₂ 变身体组织，死后进入土壤或沉积物；海洋靠浮游生物和碳酸盐沉降；土壤靠有机质积累——三者都是巨大的长期碳库。
Photosynthesis turns CO₂ into plant tissue that becomes soil or sediment; oceans use plankton and carbonate settling; soils accumulate organic matter—all are vast, long-term carbon stores.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#碳汇 #光合作用 #碳库
泥炭地为什么是"超级碳库"，却又容易变成火源？
Why is peatland a "super carbon store" yet prone to becoming a fire source?
泥炭是千万年积水植物残体，储存了全球土壤碳的很大一部分；一旦排水干旱，泥炭本身可燃，烧起来会释放巨量封存的碳。
Peat is waterlogged plant matter built over millennia, holding a large share of global soil carbon; drain it and it dries, becomes flammable and releases vast stored carbon when burned.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#泥炭地 #排水 #火灾碳
冻土融化，为什么会"释放"远古封存的碳？
Why does thawing permafrost release ancient locked carbon?
北极冻土里冻着数万年的植物残体和甲烷，升温让它解冻、微生物活跃，把旧碳分解成 CO₂ 和甲烷排向大气，又反过来加速变暖。
Arctic permafrost locks plant matter and methane from tens of thousands of years; warming thaws it, microbes wake and break that old carbon into CO₂ and methane, feeding warming back.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#冻土 #甲烷 #正反馈
蓝碳（海岸植被固碳）为什么比森林固碳"更久"？
Why does blue carbon (coastal vegetation) stay locked longer than forest carbon?
红树林、海草、盐沼把碳埋进缺氧的沉积物，分解极慢，可封存千年；而森林碳一旦火烧或腐烂会较快回到大气。
Mangroves, seagrasses and salt marshes bury carbon in oxygen-poor sediment where decay is slow, locking it for millennia; forest carbon returns faster via fire or rot.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#蓝碳 #沉积物 #长期封存
红树林的固碳速率为何高于同面积陆地森林,这些碳主要存在哪里?
Why do mangroves fix carbon faster per unit area than terrestrial forests, and where is most of that carbon held?
红树林土壤长期淹水缺氧,枯落物分解极慢,有机碳得以逐年埋藏,单位面积埋藏速率可达温带森林的数倍。碳库主体并不在活体生物量,而在可累积数百年的深层沉积物中。一旦围垦排水,沉积物接触氧气,碳库会迅速转为向大气净排放。
Waterlogged, oxygen-poor mangrove soils decompose litter so slowly that organic carbon is buried year after year, at per-area rates several times those of temperate forests. The bulk of the stock sits not in living biomass but in deep sediments that accumulate over centuries. Once the forest is drained or reclaimed, oxygen reaches those sediments and the sink quickly turns into a net source.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#湿地生态 #蓝碳
排干湿地为什么会大幅增加碳排放？
Why does draining wetlands greatly increase carbon emissions?
湿地原本在水下缺氧环境中把碳长期封存，排干后土壤接触氧气，微生物迅速分解有机物释放CO2和甲烷。泥炭地排干尤其严重，可从碳汇变碳源。保护湿地的固碳价值常被低估。
Wetlands store carbon long-term in waterlogged, oxygen-poor soils; once drained, the soil meets oxygen and microbes rapidly decompose organic matter, releasing CO2 and methane. Drained peatlands are especially severe, flipping from sink to source. The carbon value of protecting wetlands is often underrated.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#湿地 #泥炭 #碳排放
一棵树吸收的碳，最后都去了哪儿？
Where does the carbon a tree absorbs finally go?
一部分长进树干枝叶（年轮里），一部分枯落进土壤变成有机质，少量经呼吸回到空气；树木就像一个把碳"钉"在木头和土里的钉子。
Some goes into trunk and leaves (the rings), some falls as litter into soil organic matter, a little returns via respiration; a tree is like a nail pinning carbon into wood and earth.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#树木碳 #年轮 #土壤有机质