什么是“极地放大”现象？
What is polar amplification?
极地放大指北极和南极变暖速度比地球平均水平快得多，主要由冰雪融化后暴露出颜色更深的海面或陆地、吸收更多阳光的“反照率反馈”造成。
Polar amplification means the poles warm faster than the global average, driven mainly by ice-albedo feedback: as bright ice melts, darker ocean or land absorbs more sunlight.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#极地放大 #反照率 #正反馈
“极端事件归因（event attribution）”是如何把某次热浪和气候变化挂钩的？
How does 'extreme event attribution' link a specific heatwave to climate change?
用大量有/无人为强迫的气候模拟对比该事件的出现概率，估算“人类使之更可能/更强”的倍数；这是一种概率性结论而非单一因果判定。
It compares event probability in model worlds with and without human forcing to estimate how much we made it more likely or intense—a probabilistic statement, not single-cause proof.
难度 专业 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#事件归因 #极端天气 #概率
季风是怎样形成的？
How do monsoons form?
季风源于陆地与海洋在夏季和冬季加热、冷却速度不同，造成气压差，使湿暖海风在夏季吹向陆地、干冷陆风在冬季吹回海洋。
Monsoons arise because land and sea heat and cool at different rates across seasons, creating pressure differences that drive moist summer winds onto land and dry winter winds back to sea.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#季风 #气压差 #海陆热力
“拉尼娜”现象和厄尔尼诺相反吗？
Is La Niña the opposite of El Niño?
大致相反：拉尼娜时赤道东太平洋异常偏冷，常使西太平洋台风更多、美洲西部更干旱、东南亚更湿润。
Roughly yes: during La Niña the eastern equatorial Pacific is unusually cool, often bringing more western-Pacific typhoons, drier Americas and wetter Southeast Asia.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#拉尼娜 #冷事件 #气候
“基于自然的解决方案（NbS）”和单纯的灰色工程防灾有什么不同？
How do nature-based solutions (NbS) differ from grey engineering for disaster defense?
灰工程（堤坝、硬化河道）单一目标、维护耗能；NbS（红树林、湿地、自然岸线）以生态过程缓冲风暴与洪涝，还顺带固碳、育幼和休闲，但效果受空间与时效限制。
Grey works (levees, hardened channels) are single-purpose and energy-intensive; NbS (mangroves, wetlands, natural shores) buffer storms and floods via ecology while also storing carbon and nurturing life, though space- and time-limited.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#NbS #灰色工程 #防灾
为什么大规模火山喷发有时会让地球短期变冷？
Why can large volcanic eruptions cool Earth temporarily?
火山喷出的二氧化硫进入平流层形成硫酸盐气溶胶，像一层薄纱反射阳光，使地表在喷发后一两年内降温。
Sulfur dioxide from eruptions forms sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere that reflect sunlight, cooling the surface for one to two years.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#火山 #气溶胶 #反射
什么是“净零排放”？
What does net-zero emissions mean?
净零排放指人类活动排放的温室气体，通过造林、碳捕集等方式被等量移除，使大气中净增加量为零。
Net-zero means human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are balanced by removals such as reforestation and carbon capture, leaving no net addition to the atmosphere.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#净零 #碳中和 #移除
温室效应和全球变暖是同一回事吗？
Are the greenhouse effect and global warming the same thing?
不是。温室效应是大气中的温室气体让地球保持适宜温度的天然过程；全球变暖指由于人类排放增多，温室效应增强导致地表平均气温持续上升的现象。
No. The greenhouse effect is the natural process by which atmospheric gases keep Earth warm enough for life; global warming refers to the sustained rise in average surface temperature caused by the strengthened greenhouse effect from human emissions.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#温室效应 #全球变暖 #区别
什么是“碳汇”？
What is a carbon sink?
碳汇是能吸收并储存大气中二氧化碳的自然或人工系统，例如森林、海洋和土壤，其吸收的碳多于释放的碳。
A carbon sink is a natural or artificial reservoir that absorbs more carbon dioxide than it releases, such as forests, oceans and soils.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#碳汇 #吸收 #储存
什么是“碳足迹”？
What is a carbon footprint?
碳足迹是指一个人、一件商品或一项活动在生产与使用中排放的温室气体总量，通常用“相当于多少吨二氧化碳”来衡量。
A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted by a person, product, or activity, usually measured in tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalent.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#碳足迹 #温室气体 #排放
为什么有时候会下酸雨？
Why does acid rain sometimes fall?
工厂和汽车排出的气体跑到天上，和水汽混在一起变成酸酸的水落下来，会弄疼叶子和石头。
Gases from factories and cars mix with cloud water high in the sky and fall as sour rain that can hurt leaves and stone.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#酸雨 #工厂 #气体
冰川融化为什么会让海平面上升？
Why does melting ice raise sea level?
陆地上的冰川和冰盖融化成水流入海洋会增加海水总量；同时海水受热膨胀，两者共同导致海平面上升。
Meltwater from land-based glaciers and ice sheets adds volume to the ocean, and warming seawater expands, both raising sea level.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#冰川 #海平面 #热膨胀