“行星边界”（planetary boundaries）框架包含哪几类阈值？
What categories of thresholds does the planetary boundaries framework contain?
涵盖气候变化、生物多样性丧失、氮磷循环、土地系统变化、淡水、海洋酸化、大气气溶胶、化学污染、平流层臭氧等九项，其中数项已被越过，提示地球系统风险。
It covers climate change, biosphere integrity, biogeochemical flows (N/P), land-system change, freshwater, ocean acidification, aerosols, novel chemicals and stratospheric ozone—several already crossed, signaling Earth-system risk.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
Stockholm Resilience Centre
Stockholm Resilience Centre
#行星边界 #生态指标 #阈值
什么是“真实进步指标”（GPI），它和GDP有何不同？
What is the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) and how does it differ from GDP?
GPI在GDP基础上扣除环境退化、社会成本（如污染医疗、通勤、不平等），并加上志愿等非市场收益，试图衡量“真实”福祉而非单纯产出。
GPI starts from GDP but subtracts environmental degradation and social costs (pollution health bills, commuting, inequality) and adds non-market benefits like volunteering, aiming to measure real well-being, not just output.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#生态指标 #GPI #福祉
什么是“生态足迹”和“生物承载力”？
What are 'ecological footprint' and 'biocapacity'?
生态足迹衡量人类消耗资源与吸纳废物所需的生物生产性土地面积；生物承载力是地球（或区域）实际能提供的。前者超过后者即“生态超载”。
Ecological footprint measures the biologically productive area needed for our resource use and waste absorption; biocapacity is what Earth (or a region) can actually provide. Footprint exceeding capacity is 'ecological overshoot'.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
Global Footprint Network
Global Footprint Network
#生态指标 #生态足迹 #超载