什么是生物圈保护区？
What is a biosphere reserve?
生物圈保护区是联合国教科文组织“人与生物圈计划”认定的区域，旨在协调生物多样性保护与人类可持续发展。它通常划分为核心区、缓冲区和过渡区三个功能区域。全球已有数百个生物圈保护区分布在各个国家。
A biosphere reserve is a site designated under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme to reconcile biodiversity conservation with sustainable human development. It is typically divided into core, buffer, and transition zones. Hundreds of biosphere reserves now exist across the world.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Odum & Barrett,《Fundamentals of Ecology》第5版,Brooks/Cole,2004
E. P. Odum and G. W. Barrett, Fundamentals of Ecology, 5th ed., Brooks/Cole, 2004
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3334843W：Fundamentals of ecology
#生物圈保护区 #UNESCO #保护
什么是生态系统的恢复力？
What is ecosystem resilience?
生态系统恢复力指系统在遭受干扰后恢复到原有状态或功能的能力。高恢复力的生态系统能承受较大的扰动而不发生不可逆的转变。恢复力与生物多样性、功能冗余等因素密切相关，是评估生态系统稳定性的重要指标。
Ecosystem resilience is the capacity of a system to recover its original state or function after disturbance. Highly resilient ecosystems can absorb large shocks without undergoing irreversible change. Resilience is closely linked to biodiversity and functional redundancy and is a key indicator of ecosystem stability.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
Miller, G.T. 与 Spoolman, S.《环境科学》
Miller, G.T. & Spoolman, S., Environmental Science
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787030120038（豆瓣书目条目）
#恢复力 #稳定性 #弹性
什么是营养级？
What is trophic level?
营养级是食物链中生物按摄食关系划分的层次，生产者为第一营养级，草食动物为第二营养级，肉食动物依次向上。能量在营养级之间传递时通常只有约10%被下一层级利用，这就是“十分之一定律”。因此食物链越长，顶端生物能获得的能量越少。
A trophic level is a position in the food chain defined by feeding relationships: producers form the first level, herbivores the second, and carnivores follow above. Only about 10% of energy typically passes to the next level, known as the ten percent law. Thus longer food chains leave less energy for top predators.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
Odum 与 Barrett《生态学基础》
Odum, E.P. & Barrett, G.W., Fundamentals of Ecology
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787040251531（豆瓣书目条目: 生态学基础）
#营养级 #能量传递 #食物链
什么是生态系统的初级生产力？
What is primary productivity in an ecosystem?
初级生产力是指绿色植物和藻类通过光合作用把太阳能转化为有机物质的速率，是生态系统能量的最初来源。其中“净初级生产力”是总生产力减去植物自身呼吸消耗后剩下的部分。热带雨林和珊瑚礁往往是地球上初级生产力最高的生态系统之一。
Primary productivity is the rate at which green plants and algae convert solar energy into organic matter through photosynthesis, providing the original energy source for the ecosystem. Net primary productivity is the gross productivity minus what plants respire for their own needs. Tropical rainforests and coral reefs are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
Odum 与 Barrett《生态学基础》
Odum, E.P. & Barrett, G.W., Fundamentals of Ecology
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787040251531（豆瓣书目条目: 生态学基础）
#初级生产力 #光合作用 #能量
蜜蜂为什么对大自然很重要？
Why are bees important to nature?
蜜蜂在采蜜时会把花粉从一朵花带到另一朵花，帮助植物结出果实和种子，这叫“传粉”。许多我们吃的水果、蔬菜和坚果都靠蜜蜂传粉才能长出来。如果蜜蜂变少，很多植物和动物都会受到影响。
When bees collect nectar they carry pollen from one flower to another, helping plants produce fruit and seeds—a process called pollination. Many of the fruits, vegetables, and nuts we eat depend on bee pollination. If bees decline, many plants and animals would be affected.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Odum & Barrett,《Fundamentals of Ecology》第5版,Brooks/Cole,2004
E. P. Odum and G. W. Barrett, Fundamentals of Ecology, 5th ed., Brooks/Cole, 2004
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3334843W：Fundamentals of ecology
#蜜蜂 #传粉 #生物多样性
生态系统中的生产者、消费者和分解者分别是什么？
What are producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem?
生产者（如绿色植物）能自己制造有机物，是生态系统的能量基础；消费者（如动物）通过吃其他生物获取能量；分解者（如真菌和细菌）把动植物遗体分解为无机物，归还环境。三者共同维持着生态系统的物质循环。缺少任何一类，生态系统都难以正常运转。
Producers, such as green plants, make their own organic matter and form the energy base of ecosystems. Consumers, like animals, gain energy by eating other organisms, while decomposers, such as fungi and bacteria, break down dead material into inorganic substances returned to the environment. Together they maintain the ecosystem's nutrient cycling, and the loss of any group disrupts the system.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
Odum 与 Barrett《生态学基础》
Odum, E.P. & Barrett, G.W., Fundamentals of Ecology
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787040251531（豆瓣书目条目: 生态学基础）
#生产者 #消费者 #分解者