贴现率（discount rate）为什么会影响长期的气候政策？
Why does the discount rate shape long-term climate policy?
贴现率决定未来损益折算成今天的权重；高贴现率会压低远期的气候损害价值，使今天减排显得“不划算”，从而在代际公平与减排力度上产生巨大分歧。
The discount rate weights future gains and losses into today's value; a high rate shrinks distant climate damages, making current mitigation look 'uneconomic' and splitting views on intergenerational fairness and effort.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
Stern,《The Economics of Climate Change》,2007 (DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511817434)
Stern, 'The Economics of Climate Change', 2007, DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511817434
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.1017/cbo9780511817434
#贴现率 #代际 #气候政策
“绿色溢价（green premium）”是什么意思？
What does 'green premium' mean?
指把一种产品/服务从高碳方案换成同等功能的零碳方案，所需多付的成本比例。溢价越低，清洁技术越容易在没有补贴时也普及。
It is the extra cost percentage of switching a product or service from a high-carbon to a functionally equal zero-carbon option. Lower premiums let clean tech spread even without subsidies.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
Breakthrough Energy
Breakthrough Energy
#绿色溢价 #清洁技术 #成本
给湿地、森林的“生态系统服务”估值，目的和局限是什么？
What are the aims and limits of valuing ecosystem services like wetlands and forests?
估值把防洪、净水和固碳等隐性收益货币化，便于在决策中与开发成本比较；但许多价值无法市场化、估值方法各异，易被误用为“可买卖”的借口。
Valuation monetizes hidden benefits like flood control, water cleaning and carbon storage to weigh against development costs; but many values resist markets, methods vary, and it can be misused to justify selling nature.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
TEEB / Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
TEEB; MEA
#生态系统服务 #估值 #决策
碳定价的两种主流工具——碳税与碳交易（ETS）有什么区别？
Carbon tax vs cap-and-trade (ETS): what's the difference?
碳税由政府定“每吨价格”、排放量随经济浮动；碳交易（总量管制与交易）先定“排放总量上限”、让企业买卖配额，价格由市场决定、排放总量更可控。
A carbon tax sets the price per tonne and lets emissions vary; cap-and-trade sets a total emissions cap and lets firms trade allowances, so the price floats but the total is fixed.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#碳定价 #碳税 #碳交易
“外部性”如何解释污染带来的市场失灵？
How does 'externality' explain market failure from pollution?
工厂排污的成本由社会（健康、气候）承担而非生产者，私人成本低于真实社会成本，市场因此过度生产污染品，需要征税或管制来内化成本。
Pollution's cost falls on society (health, climate), not the producer, so private cost is below true social cost and markets overproduce dirty goods—taxes or regulation must internalize it.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#外部性 #市场失灵 #污染