什么是“自然资本”？
What is natural capital?
自然资本指能带来惠益的森林、湿地、清洁空气和水等自然资产，是经济和社会运转的“底子”。把它算进国家和企业的账目，有助于避免为了短期增长而白白耗尽资源。
Natural capital is natural wealth—forests, wetlands, clean air and water—that yields benefits and underpins the economy and society. Counting it in national and corporate accounts helps avoid depleting resources for short-term growth.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#自然资本 #自然资产 #核算
“生态系统服务付费”（PES）怎么运作？
How does payment for ecosystem services (PES) work?
PES 是下游受益者（如城市、水厂）向上游保护森林、净化水源的土地所有者付费的机制，把无形的生态贡献变成可交易的经济激励。它让保护者有动力继续提供“免费”的环境服务。
PES lets downstream beneficiaries—cities, water utilities—pay upstream landowners who protect forests and clean water, turning invisible ecological work into a tradable incentive. It gives stewards reason to keep providing 'free' environmental services.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#生态系统服务付费 #激励 #上游下游
“公地悲剧”说明了什么环境难题？
What environmental problem does the 'tragedy of the commons' illustrate?
它指每个人都想从共享资源（如牧场、渔场、大气）中多拿一点，结果整体被过度消耗、谁都受害。破解之道通常是明确产权、设定配额或建立共同治理规则。
It describes everyone trying to take a bit more from a shared resource—pasture, fishery, atmosphere—until it is overexploited and all suffer. Solutions usually involve clear property rights, quotas or collective governance rules.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#公地悲剧 #过度使用 #治理