海洋云反照率增强（MCB）这类“区域”地球工程与全球方案有哪些权衡？
What trade-offs distinguish regional schemes like marine cloud brightening (MCB) from global geoengineering?
MCB 通过向低云喷洒海盐增加云的反照率，可在局部（如大堡礁）降温，影响范围较小、可逆性较强，但效果不确定，且可能引发跨境降水争端，治理难度高。
MCB sprays sea salt to brighten low clouds, cooling locally (e.g., Great Barrier Reef) with smaller, more reversible scope, but effects are uncertain and could trigger transboundary rainfall disputes, raising governance issues.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#MCB #区域地球工程 #云反照率
平流层气溶胶注入可能怎样扰乱季风和区域降水？
How might stratospheric aerosol injection disrupt monsoons and regional rainfall?
全球降温会改变海陆温差与大气环流，模型显示 SAI 可能削弱南亚、非洲季风降水，影响数亿人的雨养农业，且一旦停止会出现“终止冲击”式快速升温。
Global cooling alters land-sea temperature contrasts and circulation; models suggest SAI could weaken South Asian and African monsoon rains, threatening rainfed agriculture for hundreds of millions, and abrupt stopping causes rapid 'termination shock' warming.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#SAI #季风 #终止冲击
平流层气溶胶注入（SAI）是在模仿哪种自然现象？
What natural phenomenon does stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) imitate?
它模仿大型火山喷发（如 1991 年皮纳图博火山），向平流层注入硫酸盐等微粒，反射部分阳光使地表降温。问题是它不减少温室气体，海洋酸化照旧。
It mimics big volcanic eruptions (e.g., Pinatubo 1991) by injecting sulfate particles into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight and cool the surface, but it does not cut greenhouse gases, so ocean acidification continues.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#太阳能地球工程 #气溶胶 #火山类比
海洋施肥（铁施肥）想刺激哪个碳过程？
Which carbon process does ocean iron fertilization aim to stimulate?
在缺铁的海区撒入铁，刺激浮游植物大量繁殖，借光合作用固定 CO2，死亡后部分沉入深海，试图强化“生物泵”把碳带到海底。实际封存量与生态副作用争议很大。
Adding iron to iron-limited waters blooms phytoplankton, fixing CO2 via photosynthesis; some sink to the deep sea, aiming to strengthen the biological pump. Real sequestration and ecological side effects are heavily disputed.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#海洋施肥 #生物泵 #铁限制