目前 DAC 的能耗与成本量级大约是多少，瓶颈在哪？
What are the rough energy and cost scales of today's DAC, and where is the bottleneck?
液态胺路线捕集每吨 CO2 约需 8–10 GJ 热能加电力，成本常达每吨数百到上千美元；瓶颈是再生吸附剂所需的高温热能与极低浓度带来的巨大气固接触量。
Liquid-amine DAC needs roughly 8–10 GJ of heat plus electricity per tonne CO2, costing hundreds to over a thousand USD per tonne. The bottleneck is the high-temperature sorbent regeneration and handling vast air volumes at low concentration.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
美国国家科学院 DAC 评估报告
US National Academies DAC report
#DAC成本 #能耗 #碳移除瓶颈
为什么水泥和钢铁行业尤其依赖碳捕集来实现深度减排？
Why do cement and steel industries especially rely on carbon capture for deep cuts?
这两类工业除燃料燃烧外，还因化学反应（如水泥煅烧石灰石）产生大量“过程排放”，电和氢难以完全替代，因此 CCS 被视为必须的非电减排手段。
Beyond fuel combustion, both emit large 'process emissions' from reactions (e.g., calcining limestone), which electricity or hydrogen cannot fully replace, making CCS a necessary non-electric abatement.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#水泥 #钢铁 #过程排放
BECCS 与传统 CCS 有什么不同，为什么它被称为“负排放”？
How does BECCS differ from ordinary CCS, and why is it called negative emissions?
普通 CCS 只捕获工业排放源的碳；BECCS（生物能源碳捕集与封存）先用作物/林木等吸收大气 CO2，燃烧产能后再把碳封存到地下，整条链路从大气净移除碳，因此是负数排放。
Plain CCS only captures emissions at a source. BECCS grows biomass that already pulled CO2 from the air, burns it for energy, then stores the carbon underground, so the whole chain removes CO2 net from the atmosphere.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#BECCS #生物能源 #碳捕集
直接空气捕集（DAC）靠什么把二氧化碳从稀薄空气中“揪”出来？
How does direct air capture (DAC) pull CO2 out of thin air?
DAC 用固体吸附剂或液态胺溶剂选择性结合空气中约 0.04% 的 CO2，再用高温（化学溶剂路线）或低压/升温（固体吸附路线）把它脱附、提纯。难点在于空气中 CO2 浓度极低，捕集每吨能耗与成本都很高。
DAC uses solid sorbents or liquid amine solvents that selectively bind CO2 (about 0.04% of air), then releases and purifies it via heat or pressure swing. The challenge is the tiny concentration, making energy use and cost per ton high.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#直接空气捕集 #负排放 #碳移除
“增强风化”如何用石头把碳固定下来？
How does enhanced weathering lock carbon into rock?
把粉碎的玄武岩、橄榄石等硅酸盐矿物撒在土壤或海岸，它们与雨水和溶解的 CO2 发生化学反应生成碳酸氢根，最终在海洋以碳酸盐形式稳定沉积，把碳封存成千上万年。
Crushed silicate minerals like basalt or olivine react with rainwater and dissolved CO2 to form bicarbonates, which eventually precipitate as stable carbonate in the ocean, locking carbon away for millennia.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#增强风化 #矿物固碳 #硅酸盐
为什么红树林、海草床、盐沼这些“蓝碳”生态系统的单位固碳速率常常高于热带雨林？
Why do blue-carbon ecosystems like mangroves, seagrass and salt marshes often sequester carbon faster per area than tropical rainforest?
它们把大量有机碳埋进缺氧的水下沉积物，分解慢、保存久，且植物生产力高；单位面积土壤碳埋藏速率可数倍于陆地森林，只是总面积小得多。
They bury organic carbon in waterlogged, low-oxygen sediments where decay is slow, and have high plant productivity; per-area soil carbon burial can be several times terrestrial forests, though their total area is far smaller.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23
来源 · Source
IPCC AR6 第一工作组报告,Cambridge University Press,2021
IPCC AR6 WG1, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, CUP, 2021
#蓝碳 #沿海湿地 #碳埋藏