什么是“持久性有机污染物”（POPs）？
What are persistent organic pollutants (POPs)?
POPs是一类在环境中难降解、可在脂肪中累积并通过食物链放大的有毒化学品（如 DDT、二噁英），能远距离迁移并危害生殖与神经系统。
POPs are toxic chemicals (e.g., DDT, dioxins) that resist degradation, accumulate in fat and magnify through food chains, traveling far and harming reproduction and nerves.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴树桂 主编,《环境化学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2006
Dai Shugui ed., Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2006
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040199567（按标识回读: 环境化学）
#持久性污染物 #难降解 #生物累积
什么是“生物累积”和“生物放大”？
What are bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
生物累积是单个生物体内有害物质随时间越积越多；生物放大是这些物质沿食物链向上传递时浓度逐级升高，顶级捕食者体内含量最高。
Bioaccumulation is a toxin building up in one organism over time; biomagnification is its concentration increasing up the food chain, peaking in top predators.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴树桂 主编,《环境化学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2006
Dai Shugui ed., Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2006
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040199567（按标识回读: 环境化学）
#生物累积 #生物放大 #食物链
什么是生物放大作用？
What is biomagnification?
生物放大作用指某些难降解的有毒物质（如重金属、有机氯）沿食物链逐级富集，营养级越高浓度越大的现象。例如水体中的微量汞可在大鱼和捕食性鸟类中累积到危险水平。它解释了为什么顶级捕食者往往最先受到污染的毒害。
Biomagnification is the process by which non-degradable toxic substances such as heavy metals and organochlorines accumulate along the food chain, reaching higher concentrations at higher trophic levels. For example, trace mercury in water can build to dangerous levels in large fish and predatory birds. It explains why top predators are often the first to suffer poisoning.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327（按标识回读: 环境学）
#生物放大 #食物链 #有毒物质
什么是“富营养化”？
What is eutrophication?
富营养化是过多的氮、磷等营养物流入湖泊河流，使藻类疯狂生长、耗光水中氧气，导致鱼和其他水生生物死亡。
Eutrophication happens when excess nitrogen and phosphorus enter waters, fueling algal blooms that consume oxygen and kill fish and other aquatic life.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴树桂 主编,《环境化学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2006
Dai Shugui ed., Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2006
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040199567（按标识回读: 环境化学）
#富营养化 #氮磷 #藻华
PM2.5 和 PM10 有什么区别？
What is the difference between PM2.5 and PM10?
PM10是直径小于10微米的颗粒物，PM2.5小于2.5微米；PM2.5更细，能深入肺部甚至进入血液，对健康危害更大。
PM10 particles are under 10 microns, PM2.5 under 2.5 microns; the finer PM2.5 penetrates deep into lungs and bloodstream, posing greater health risk.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴树桂 主编,《环境化学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2006
Dai Shugui ed., Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2006
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040199567（按标识回读: 环境化学）
#颗粒物 #PM2.5 #空气
什么是光污染？
What is light pollution?
光污染是指过度或不当的人工照明干扰自然昼夜节律和天文观测的现象，常见于城市霓虹和路灯。它会扰乱昆虫、鸟类和海龟等动物的行为，也浪费能源。合理设计灯具、减少不必要的照明可有效缓解。
Light pollution is excessive or misdirected artificial lighting that disrupts natural day-night rhythms and astronomy, common in city neon and streetlights. It disturbs insects, birds, and sea turtles and wastes energy. Better lamp design and cutting unnecessary lighting help reduce it.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327（按标识回读: 环境学）
#光污染 #照明 #夜间
温室效应和臭氧层空洞是一回事吗？
Are the greenhouse effect and the ozone hole the same thing?
不是。温室效应是二氧化碳等气体让热量困在大气中导致地球变暖的自然过程，而臭氧层空洞是氟利昂等物质破坏平流层臭氧、削弱阻挡紫外线的能力。两者成因和影响都不同，但都是重要的全球环境问题。应对它们需要不同的政策措施。
No. The greenhouse effect is the natural warming process in which gases like CO2 trap heat in the atmosphere, whereas the ozone hole is the thinning of stratospheric ozone caused by substances like CFCs that weakens UV protection. Their causes and impacts differ, yet both are major global environmental issues requiring distinct policy responses.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327（按标识回读: 环境学）
#温室效应 #臭氧层 #区别
什么是“室内空气污染”，主要来源有哪些？
What is indoor air pollution and what causes it?
室内空气污染来自装修甲醛、燃气做饭、吸烟、霉菌和室外传入的颗粒物，人在室内时间长，其健康影响常被低估。
Indoor air pollution comes from formaldehyde in furnishings, gas cooking, smoking, mold and outdoor particles; since we spend most time indoors, its health impact is often underestimated.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴树桂 主编,《环境化学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2006
Dai Shugui ed., Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2006
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040199567（按标识回读: 环境化学）
#室内污染 #甲醛 #通风
废旧电子产品（电子垃圾）有什么环境危害？
What environmental harm does e-waste cause?
电子垃圾含铅、汞、镉等有毒物质，若随意焚烧或填埋会污染土壤水源；同时其中大量可回收的稀有金属被浪费。
E-waste contains lead, mercury and cadmium; crude burning or dumping pollutes soil and water, while valuable rare metals are wasted.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴树桂 主编,《环境化学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2006
Dai Shugui ed., Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2006
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040199567（按标识回读: 环境化学）
#电子垃圾 #重金属 #回收
为什么由慢性毒性数据推导的预测无效应浓度（PNEC）通常比急性试验结果更低？评价因子法如何处理两类数据的差距？
Why is the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) derived from chronic toxicity data usually lower than acute-test results would suggest, and how do assessment factors reconcile the two kinds of data?
急性试验记录短期暴露下的死亡或活动抑制等终点，慢性试验考察生长、繁殖乃至种群水平的长期响应，这类效应可在远低于致死浓度的暴露下出现。由于可测试的水生物种有限，从实验室单一物种外推到整个生态系统必然引入不确定性，监管上便用评价因子对最敏感物种的NOEC或EC10折减得到PNEC。可用数据越丰富——物种覆盖越广或包含微宇宙和中宇宙研究——所需评价因子越小，PNEC也越贴近真实安全阈值。
Acute assays record endpoints such as mortality or immobilization under short exposure, whereas chronic assays track growth, reproduction, and population-level responses over time, and these effects emerge at exposures far below lethal levels. Because only a handful of species can be tested, extrapolating from single laboratory species to whole ecosystems injects uncertainty, so regulators apply an assessment factor to the most sensitive species NOEC or EC10 to obtain the PNEC. The richer the dataset—broader species coverage or the inclusion of microcosm and mesocosm studies—the smaller the factor needed and the closer the PNEC sits to the true safe threshold.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
欧盟委员会《化学品风险评估技术导则》（TGD）第二部分；欧洲化学品管理局环境剂量-反应表征指南R.10章
European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (TGD), Part II; ECHA Guidance Chapter R.10, Characterisation of Dose-Response for Environment
#生态毒理 #评价因子
环境毒理学中的剂量-效应关系是什么?为什么低剂量内分泌干扰物让传统评估方法失效?
What is the dose-response relationship in environmental toxicology, and why do low-dose endocrine disruptors challenge conventional assessment methods?
剂量-效应关系描述暴露量与生物反应强度之间的联系，是毒理学确定安全阈值的基础。传统方法假设存在无效应剂量且遵循单调剂量曲线，但内分泌干扰物如双酚A可在低于常规阈值的浓度下通过受体介导机制产生非单调响应。OECD因此发展了专门的筛查试验（如子宫增重试验），欧盟在REACH下将部分物质按内分泌干扰特性单独鉴定与管理。
The dose-response relationship links exposure magnitude to the intensity of biological response and underpins threshold-setting in toxicology. Classical methods assume a no-observed-effect level and monotonic dose curves, yet endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A can trigger non-monotonic responses below routine thresholds via receptor-mediated mechanisms. OECD therefore developed dedicated screening assays such as the uterotrophic assay, and under REACH the EU identifies and manages certain substances specifically for their endocrine-disrupting properties.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
欧盟委员会《化学品风险评估技术导则》（TGD）第二部分；欧洲化学品管理局环境剂量-反应表征指南R.10章
European Commission Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (TGD), Part II; ECHA Guidance Chapter R.10, Characterisation of Dose-Response for Environment
#生态毒理 #内分泌干扰物
「沉默的春天」之后,DDT 去哪了?为什么北极熊体内还能检出它?
After Silent Spring, where did DDT go — and why do polar bears test positive in the Arctic?
持久性有机污染物(POPs)的共同配方:难降解、亲脂、半挥发。DDT在土壤里能撑几十年,沿食物链脂肪逐级浓缩,顶级掠食者体内浓度可比环境高百万倍——此即生物放大。更狡猾的是蚱蜢跳效应:POPs在温暖处挥发、遇冷凝结,反复跳跃终聚高纬度,于是远离农田的北极熊肝脏也检出农药。2001年斯德哥尔摩公约据此建立全球淘汰清单,DDT、多氯联苯首批入列;监测显示浓度缓降,但全氟化合物等新成员仍在接力。
Persistent organic pollutants share a recipe: hard to degrade, fat-loving, semi-volatile. DDT persists in soil for decades, magnifies up food webs as lipids concentrate it, reaching million-fold enrichments in apex predators — biomagnification. Grasshopper effect adds cunning: warm regions re-evaporate POPs into the atmosphere to condense somewhere colder, hop by hop until they pool in polar regions — hence pesticides in polar bear livers far from any field. The 2001 Stockholm Convention built the global listing-and-elimination regime, banning DDT, PCBs and friends first; levels decline slowly while PFAS relatives queue behind them.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
Jones 与 de Voogt,《Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): state of the science》,Environmental Pollution 100,1999 (DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00098-6)
K. C. Jones and P. de Voogt, 'Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): state of the science', Environmental Pollution 100, 1999, DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00098-6
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00098-6
#持久性有机污染物 #生物放大 #斯德哥尔摩公约
吃鱼为什么要挑种类?汞是怎么从烟囱游进金枪鱼体内的?
Why be picky about which fish to eat? How does mercury swim from smokestacks into tuna?
燃煤与金矿冶炼把汞蒸气排入大气,沉降后被水中微生物甲基化成甲基汞——真正的主角。它易溶于脂肪且与蛋白质巯基紧密结合,浮游生物摄入后难以排出,沿食物链每上一级浓度放大约十倍,金枪鱼、鲨鱼这类长寿顶级捕食者因此富集最高。日本水俣病的神经毒性惨案促成2013年《水俣公约》,全球逐步淘汰添汞产品与新矿开采。实用建议遵循剂量逻辑:避免大型掠食鱼类,选择寿命短的小鱼(沙丁鱼、三文鱼),孕妇儿童尤其如此。
Coal burning and gold smelting release mercury vapor; once deposited, microbes methylate it into methylmercury — the real villain. Fat-soluble and bound tightly to protein thiols, it resists excretion, multiplying roughly tenfold per trophic level, so long-lived apex predators like tuna and shark carry the heaviest loads. Human neurotoxicity at Minamata, Japan drove the 2013 Minamata Convention phasing out mercury-added products and new mines. Practical advice follows dose logic: avoid large predatory fish, favor short-lived small ones such as sardines and salmon — especially for pregnant women and children.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
Driscoll、Mason、Chan 与 Jacob,《Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Sources, Pathways, and Effects》,Environmental Science & Technology,2013 (DOI: 10.1021/es305071v)
Driscoll, Mason, Chan & Jacob, 'Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Sources, Pathways, and Effects', Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, DOI: 10.1021/es305071v
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.1021/es305071v
#甲基汞 #生物富集 #水俣公约
雾和雾霾是一回事吗?霾天为什么要把窗户关上?
Are fog and smog the same thing? Why close windows on hazy days?
雾是小水滴,太阳一出来就散,干净又无害。霾是无数细小颗粒物混在空气里,其中PM2.5细得能钻进肺的最深处,还会进入血液。霾天关窗开空气净化器、出门戴口罩,就像给身体装上过滤网。治理的关键是减少烧煤和汽车尾气排放。
Fog is tiny clean droplets vanishing at sunrise. Smog mixes countless fine particles into air; PM2.5 is so small it reaches deep lungs and even blood. On hazy days shut windows, run purifiers and wear masks like fitting filters on your body — the real cure is cutting coal smoke and exhaust.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
韩启德总主编《十万个为什么》(第六版),少年儿童出版社,2013
Han Qide chief ed., Ten Thousand Whys, 6th edition, Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013, 6th ed., Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-7-5324-9328-9 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787532493289
#雾霾 #PM2.5 #空气防护
什么是“光污染”，它如何影响动物？
What is light pollution and how does it affect animals?
光污染指过多的人造夜间灯光，会扰乱海龟幼崽找海、候鸟迷失方向、昆虫减少，并改变动物的昼夜节律。
Light pollution is excessive artificial night lighting; it disorients sea turtle hatchlings, misleads migratory birds, reduces insects and disrupts animals' day-night cycles.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
B.M. Van Doren 等,PNAS, 2017(高强度城市照明改变夜间鸟类迁徙);T. Longcore 与 C. Rich, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2004(生态光污染概念框架)
B.M. Van Doren et al., PNAS, 2017, high-intensity urban light installation dramatically alters nighttime bird migration; T. Longcore and C. Rich, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2004, framework of ecological light pollution.
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 CROSSREF 标识 10.1073/pnas.1708574114：High-intensity urban
#光污染 #夜行动物 #节律
什么是噪声污染？
What is noise pollution?
噪声污染是指过强或让人不适的声音（如交通、施工、机械）干扰人们生活与健康的现象。长期处在嘈杂环境中可能导致听力下降、失眠和血压升高。在城市中，种植绿化带和限制车辆鸣笛都有助于降低噪声。
Noise pollution is harmful or annoying sound—from traffic, construction, or machinery—that disrupts people's lives and health. Prolonged exposure can lead to hearing loss, insomnia, and high blood pressure. Urban green belts and limits on honking help reduce it.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327（按标识回读: 环境学）
#噪声 #健康 #城市
旧电池为什么不能随便扔？
Why can't we throw old batteries away carelessly?
电池里有会毒坏泥土和水的东西，随便扔会让花草和小鱼生病，要放到专门的回收箱里。
Batteries hold stuff that can poison soil and water; tossing them carelessly makes plants and fish sick, so put them in a special recycling bin.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴树桂 主编,《环境化学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2006
Dai Shugui ed., Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2006
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040199567（按标识回读: 环境化学）
#电池 #回收 #有毒
什么是空气污染？
What is air pollution?
空气污染是指有害物质（如烟尘、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、臭氧）进入大气，使空气质量下降并危害健康。汽车尾气、工厂排放和燃烧煤炭都会造成空气污染。长期吸入污染的空气可能引发咳嗽、哮喘甚至心脏病。
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances such as soot, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone enter the atmosphere, degrading air quality and harming health. Vehicle exhaust, factory emissions, and coal burning all contribute to it. Long-term exposure can cause coughing, asthma, and even heart disease.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴树桂 主编,《环境化学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2006
Dai Shugui ed., Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2006
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040199567（按标识回读: 环境化学）
#空气污染 #PM #健康
什么是“噪声污染”？
What is noise pollution?
噪声污染是城市中过大的声音，会让人睡不好、动物听不清同伴或猎物，影响健康和生存。
Noise pollution is excessive unwanted sound; it disturbs human sleep and prevents animals from hearing mates or prey, harming health and survival.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-04
来源 · Source
Shaw,《Noise pollution—what can be done?》,Physics Today,1975 (DOI: 10.1063/1.3068772)
Shaw, 'Noise pollution—what can be done?', Physics Today, 1975, DOI: 10.1063/1.3068772
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 Crossref DOI 10.1063/1.3068772
#噪声 #声音 #健康
什么是塑料污染？
What is plastic pollution?
塑料污染是指塑料制品（尤其是一次性塑料）在环境中大量累积，难以自然降解而造成危害的现象。塑料会破碎成微塑料，进入土壤、河流和海洋，甚至被鱼类误食并进入食物链。减少使用、回收再利用是缓解塑料污染的关键。
Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic products, especially single-use plastics, in the environment where they persist and cause harm. Plastics break into microplastics that enter soil, rivers, and oceans, and can be ingested by fish and pass into the food chain. Reducing use and improving recycling are key to mitigation.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327（按标识回读: 环境学）
#塑料 #微塑料 #海洋
什么是土壤污染？
What is soil contamination?
土壤污染是指重金属、农药、石油类物质等有害物质进入土壤并超过其自净能力，使土壤质量下降的现象。受污染的土壤会降低作物产量、通过食物链危害人体，还可能污染地下水。治理常采用植物修复、客土置换等方法。
Soil contamination occurs when harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, or petroleum exceed the soil's self-cleaning capacity and degrade its quality. Contaminated soil lowers crop yields, threatens human health via the food chain, and may pollute groundwater. Remediation often uses phytoremediation or soil replacement.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327（按标识回读: 环境学）
#土壤污染 #重金属 #修复
什么是“微塑料”？
What are microplastics?
微塑料是直径小于5毫米的塑料碎片，来自大塑料破碎或化妆品中的塑料微珠，已进入海洋、土壤甚至人体。
Microplastics are plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm, from broken-down larger plastic or cosmetic beads, now found in oceans, soils and even the human body.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
戴树桂 主编,《环境化学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2006
Dai Shugui ed., Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2006
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040199567（按标识回读: 环境化学）
#微塑料 #塑料污染 #海洋
什么是水体富营养化？
What is eutrophication?
富营养化是指过量的氮、磷等营养盐进入湖泊或海湾，导致藻类等浮游生物暴发性繁殖的现象。藻类死亡分解会消耗大量氧气，造成鱼虾缺氧死亡，形成“死区”。农业化肥流失和生活污水是主要来源。
Eutrophication occurs when excess nitrogen and phosphorus enter lakes or coastal waters, triggering explosive growth of algae and other plankton. When the algae die and decompose they consume oxygen, causing fish and other life to suffocate and creating dead zones. Fertilizer runoff and sewage are the main sources.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327（按标识回读: 环境学）
#富营养化 #藻类 #死区