为什么可再生能源需要“电网储能”？
Why does renewable energy need grid storage?
太阳能和风能时有时无，储能（如锂电池、抽水蓄能）把多余电力存起、缺电时放出，才能稳定供电、减少对化石燃料备用机的依赖。
Solar and wind are intermittent; storage (batteries, pumped hydro) saves surplus and releases it when needed, stabilizing supply and cutting fossil backup.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#储能 #电网 #电池
“绿氢”和“灰氢”有什么区别？
What is the difference between green and grey hydrogen?
灰氢用天然气重整制取、排放二氧化碳；绿氢用可再生电力电解水制取、过程几乎零碳，因而被视为未来清洁能源载体。
Grey hydrogen is made from natural gas and emits CO₂; green hydrogen uses renewable electricity to split water and is nearly carbon-free, seen as a future clean fuel.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#绿氢 #灰氢 #电解
家庭光伏“自发自用、余电上网”，对电网和个人账本意味着什么？
What does home solar 'self-use with surplus to grid' mean for the grid and your wallet?
白天自家发电优先自用、用不完卖给电网，等于把屋顶变成小型电站；它削减高峰用电、但大量分布式电源也考验电网的波动消纳与计量结算规则。
By day you use your own power first and sell the rest, turning the roof into a mini power plant; it cuts peak demand, but lots of distributed sources test the grid's balancing and metering rules.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
国际能源署《Renewables》年度市场报告(iea.org/reports)
IEA, Renewables Market Report, iea.org/reports
#家庭光伏 #余电上网 #分布式
电网中高比例风光为何引发'鸭子曲线'与系统惯性问题？
Why do high shares of wind and solar create the 'duck curve' and inertia problems?
日间光伏大增压低净负荷，傍晚骤降使燃气/水电需在几小时内陡升填补，形成腹部深、颈部陡的'鸭子曲线'；同时逆变器电源不提供旋转惯量，系统频率稳定性下降，需虚拟惯量或储能支撑。
Midday solar slashes net load, then plummets at dusk so gas/hydro must ramp steeply within hours—the deep-belly, sharp-neck 'duck curve.' Inverter-based sources add no rotating inertia, weakening frequency stability and requiring virtual inertia or storage.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
国际能源署《Renewables》年度市场报告(iea.org/reports)
IEA, Renewables Market Report, iea.org/reports
#鸭子曲线 #系统惯量
潮汐能与波浪能离大规模应用还差什么？
What still blocks tidal and wave energy from scale-up?
二者资源稳定可预报，但装置面临高盐腐蚀、生物附着与极端海况冲击，可靠性与运维成本仍是瓶颈，且近岸生态影响评估不足，目前多为示范阶段。
Both are predictable and steady, but devices face salt corrosion, biofouling and storm loads; reliability and O&M cost remain bottlenecks, and nearshore ecological impacts are understudied, keeping most projects at pilot scale.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
国际能源署《Renewables》年度市场报告(iea.org/reports)
IEA, Renewables Market Report, iea.org/reports
#潮汐能 #海洋能
太阳能板是怎样发电的？
How do solar panels generate electricity?
太阳能板里的硅半导体吸收阳光后释放电子，形成直流电，再经逆变器变成家庭可用的交流电。
Silicon semiconductors in panels free electrons when hit by sunlight, producing DC current that an inverter converts to usable AC power.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#太阳能 #光伏 #半导体
什么是“潮汐能”？
What is tidal energy?
潮汐能利用海水涨落的水位差驱动水轮发电，可预测性强、稳定，但适合建设的海湾地点有限。
Tidal energy uses the rise and fall of seawater to drive turbines; it is highly predictable but limited to suitable coastal sites.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#潮汐 #海水 #水轮
为什么常说'节电就是发电'？
Why is 'saving electricity itself a source of power'?
降低一度电的需求，就少建相应发电与电网容量、少排CO2；需求侧节能成本常低于新建电源，且即时可用，因此被视为最便宜的'虚拟电厂'。
Cutting one unit of demand avoids building matching generation and grid capacity and emissions; efficiency on the demand side is often cheaper than new supply and available immediately, earning it the label of the cheapest 'virtual power plant.'
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
国际能源署《Renewables》年度市场报告(iea.org/reports)
IEA, Renewables Market Report, iea.org/reports
#节能 #需求侧
电网级电池在可再生能源系统里有什么用？
What is a grid-scale battery used for in renewable energy systems?
太阳能和风电时有时无，电网级电池在发电多时充电、缺电时放电，平衡供需。它还能在断电时提供备用电力，减少对化石调峰机组的依赖。
Because solar and wind are intermittent, grid-scale batteries charge when generation is high and discharge when it is low, balancing supply and demand. They also provide backup during outages and reduce reliance on fossil peaker plants.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
国际能源署《Renewables》年度市场报告(iea.org/reports)
IEA, Renewables Market Report, iea.org/reports
#电网储能 #电池 #可再生能源
水电是不是完全'干净'的能源？
Is hydropower completely 'clean' energy?
水电几乎不排CO2，但大坝会淹没植被释放甲烷、阻断鱼类洄游、改变河流沉积与下游生态，水库在热带的温室气体排放尤其不可忽视，因此需个案评估。
Hydropower emits almost no CO2, but dams flood vegetation releasing methane, block fish migration and alter sediment and downstream ecology; tropical reservoirs' GHG emissions are not negligible, so each case needs assessment.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
国际能源署《Renewables》年度市场报告(iea.org/reports)
IEA, Renewables Market Report, iea.org/reports
#水电 #甲烷
什么是“生物质能”？
What is biomass energy?
生物质能来自燃烧或发酵植物秸秆、林木废弃物、厨余等有机物质来发电或产沼气，理论上碳可循环但需防止滥砍滥烧。
Biomass energy comes from burning or fermenting crop residues, wood waste and food scraps for power or biogas; carbon is recyclable but overuse must be avoided.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#生物质 #沼气 #有机
什么是“能源转型”？
What is the energy transition?
能源转型指从依赖煤、石油等化石燃料，逐步转向太阳能、风能等清洁能源，并配合节能与电气化，以降低碳排放。
The energy transition is shifting from coal and oil to clean sources like solar and wind, plus efficiency and electrification, to cut emissions.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#能源转型 #清洁 #电气化
光伏发电（PV）与聚光太阳能（CSP）有什么区别？
What is the difference between photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP)?
光伏直接用半导体把阳光转为电；聚光太阳能用镜面把阳光汇聚加热工质，驱动汽轮机发电，并可配储热。CSP 适合带可调度的日间基荷，PV 更便宜且更易分布式部署。
Photovoltaics convert sunlight directly to electricity in semiconductors; concentrated solar power uses mirrors to heat a fluid that drives a turbine and can store heat. CSP suits dispatchable daytime baseload, while PV is cheaper and easier to deploy distributed.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
国际能源署《Renewables》年度市场报告(iea.org/reports)
IEA, Renewables Market Report, iea.org/reports
#光伏发电 #聚光太阳能 #太阳能
什么是“地热能”？
What is geothermal energy?
地热能利用地球内部的热量，通过抽取地下热水或蒸汽来发电或供暖，几乎不受天气影响、可稳定供应。
Geothermal energy taps Earth's internal heat via underground hot water or steam for power and heating; it is weather-independent and steady.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#地热 #地球内热 #稳定
风能的'容量因子'是什么，为什么它低于煤电？
What is wind's capacity factor and why is it below coal?
容量因子是实际发电量占满负荷理论值的比例。风电受风速波动影响，陆上约30–45%、海上更高，而煤电可稳定在80%以上，因此风电需要更多装机与储能来匹配同等稳定出力。
Capacity factor is actual output divided by theoretical maximum. Wind varies with weather—roughly 30–45% onshore, higher offshore—while coal runs above 80%, so wind needs more capacity and storage to match steady output.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
国际能源署《Renewables》年度市场报告(iea.org/reports)
IEA, Renewables Market Report, iea.org/reports
#容量因子 #波动
风光发电不稳定到底是什么意思?阴天没风、电扇不转时,城市怎么办?
What does unstable wind and solar power really mean? On cloudy, windless days, what does a city do?
风不会一直吹,太阳下山光伏就歇工,而用电需求相对固定——供需错配是核心难题。解药是组合拳:电池储能削峰填谷;抽水蓄能把电变成水位势能;不同地区的电网互联(东边没风西边有);需求侧响应让工厂在电多时开工。多种手段配合,可再生能源占比才能稳步爬升。
Wind stalls, sun sets while demand holds steady — mismatch is the core puzzle. Remedies team up: batteries shift power between hours; pumped hydro stores energy as elevation; interregional grids share (windless east imports windy west); demand response schedules factories to surplus times. Layered together, renewables climb reliably.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
韩启德总主编《十万个为什么》(第六版),少年儿童出版社,2013
Han Qide chief ed., Ten Thousand Whys, 6th edition, Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013, 6th ed., Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-7-5324-9328-9 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787532493289
#储能 #电网调峰 #可再生能源并网
地热能为什么可以一直用来发电？
Why can geothermal energy generate power continuously?
地球内部放射性衰变持续产热，地热井抽取地下热水或蒸汽驱动涡轮，不受天气与昼夜影响，是可调度的稳定清洁能源，但受地质条件限制。
Radioactive decay inside Earth constantly produces heat; geothermal wells tap hot water or steam to spin turbines, unaffected by weather or day-night, giving dispatchable clean power—but only where geology allows.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
国际能源署《Renewables》年度市场报告(iea.org/reports)
IEA, Renewables Market Report, iea.org/reports
#地热能 #基荷
为什么太阳能和风能是“干净”的能源？
Why are solar and wind 'clean' energy?
它们发电时不烧煤、不冒黑烟，也不会吐出让人咳嗽的气体，所以用它们天空更蓝。
They make electricity without burning coal or smoke, and don't release cough-causing gases, so the sky stays bluer.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#干净能源 #不冒烟 #蓝天
风力发电是怎样工作的，有什么优缺点？
How does wind power work, and what are its pros and cons?
风推动涡轮叶片转动发电机发电。优点是清洁可再生，缺点是有风才发电、可能打扰鸟类和景观。
Wind turns turbine blades to spin a generator. Pros: clean and renewable. Cons: needs wind, and may disturb birds and views.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#风能 #涡轮 #清洁
风车转啊转为啥能点亮灯？
Why can spinning windmills light our lamps?
风推动风车的大叶片转动，带动里面的小机器发电，电顺着线跑到家里，灯就亮啦。
Wind pushes the big blades, which spin a little machine that makes electricity, and the electricity travels through wires to light your lamp.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
国际能源署（IEA）《世界能源展望》
International Energy Agency (IEA), World Energy Outlook
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787801649843（豆瓣书目条目: 2004-世界能源展望）
#风车 #发电
太阳能板为什么黑黑的?它怎么把阳光变成电?
Why are solar panels dark — how do they turn sunlight into electricity?
太阳能板里夹着两层特殊的硅材料,阳光里的光子打上去,会把电子撞得跳起来,电子朝一个方向流动就形成了电流。黑色是因为它几乎吸收所有颜色的光,一点不浪费——颜色越深,吃光越多,发电越多。
Panels sandwich special silicon layers: photons from sunlight knock electrons loose, and electrons flowing one way make electric current. Black means absorbing every color without waste — darker panels eat more light and make more power.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
韩启德总主编《十万个为什么》(第六版),少年儿童出版社,2013
Han Qide chief ed., Ten Thousand Whys, 6th edition, Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013, 6th ed., Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-7-5324-9328-9 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787532493289
#太阳能 #光伏 #清洁能源