入侵物种（如斑马贻贝）如何改变食物网？
How do invasive species like zebra mussels reshape food webs?
斑马贻贝滤食浮游生物、水体变清却剥夺鱼类饵料，排泄促进底栖藻华，并附着堵塞管线，引发一连串的级联效应改变整个湖泊生态。
Zebra mussels filter plankton, clearing water but starving fish fry, fueling benthic algae and fouling pipes, triggering cascading changes across whole-lake ecology.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Odum & Barrett,《Fundamentals of Ecology》第5版,Brooks/Cole,2004
E. P. Odum and G. W. Barrett, Fundamentals of Ecology, 5th ed., Brooks/Cole, 2004
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3334843W：Fundamentals of ecology
#入侵种 #食物网 #斑马贻贝
陆地上的营养级联：狼-鹿-植被是怎么连起来的？
Terrestrial trophic cascade: how do wolves, deer and vegetation link up?
狼回来捕食鹿，鹿避开开阔地、减少过度啃食，河岸植被恢复，进而稳固河岸、惠及河狸与鸟类——顶级捕食者能自上而下重塑景观。
Wolves return and prey on deer, which avoid open areas and overbrowse less; riverside plants recover, stabilizing banks and helping beavers and birds—top predators reshape landscapes from the top down.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
Yellowstone 研究
Yellowstone studies
#营养级联 #狼 #景观
传粉者衰退为什么威胁我们的粮食？
Why does pollinator decline threaten our food?
约四分之三的粮食作物或多或少依赖动物传粉，蜜蜂等减少会降低果实与种子产量，直接影响苹果、坚果、咖啡等许多食物的供给。
Roughly three-quarters of crops rely partly on animal pollination; fewer bees and others lower fruit and seed yields, directly hitting apples, nuts, coffee and many foods.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Odum & Barrett,《Fundamentals of Ecology》第5版,Brooks/Cole,2004
E. P. Odum and G. W. Barrett, Fundamentals of Ecology, 5th ed., Brooks/Cole, 2004
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3334843W：Fundamentals of ecology
#传粉者 #粮食 #蜜蜂
关键种（keystone）的例子：海獭-海胆-海带之间发生了什么？
Keystone example: what happens among sea otters, urchins and kelp?
海獭捕食海胆，控制其数量；海胆少了，海带森林得以繁茂并为众多生物提供栖息地。海獭虽少，却是维系整个群落结构的关键种。
Otters eat urchins, keeping them in check; fewer urchins let kelp forests thrive and shelter many species. Though few, otters are the keystone holding the community together.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Odum & Barrett,《Fundamentals of Ecology》第5版,Brooks/Cole,2004
E. P. Odum and G. W. Barrett, Fundamentals of Ecology, 5th ed., Brooks/Cole, 2004
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL3334843W：Fundamentals of ecology
#关键种 #营养级联 #海獭