什么是环境承载力？
What is carrying capacity?
环境承载力是指一定区域内生态系统在不被永久破坏的前提下，所能持续供养的人口或生物的最大数量。超过承载力会导致资源枯竭和环境污染。它是规划城市发展、放牧和渔获量的重要科学依据。
Carrying capacity is the maximum population or biomass an ecosystem can sustainably support without permanent degradation. Exceeding it leads to resource depletion and pollution. It is a key scientific basis for planning cities, grazing, and fishery catches.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
Odum 与 Barrett《生态学基础》
Odum, E.P. & Barrett, G.W., Fundamentals of Ecology
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787040251531（豆瓣书目条目: 生态学基础）
#承载力 #人口 #资源
什么是经济增长与资源消耗的“脱钩”？
What is decoupling of economic growth from resource use?
脱钩是指经济增长的同时，资源消耗或环境污染不再同步上升，甚至反而下降的现象。实现相对脱钩是增长快于影响上升，绝对脱钩则是影响绝对减少。提高能效、发展服务业和循环经济是促成脱钩的主要途径。
Decoupling means the economy grows while resource use or environmental harm no longer rises in step, or even falls. Relative decoupling is growth faster than impact; absolute decoupling is impact actually declining. Efficiency, services, and circular economy are main pathways to achieve it.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#脱钩 #经济增长 #资源
第三方可持续旅游认证（如依据 GSTC 标准运作的标签）主要通过什么机制抑制旅游业中的“漂绿”行为？
Through what mechanism do third-party sustainable tourism certifications (such as labels operating under GSTC standards) mainly curb greenwashing in the tourism industry?
认证以统一标准和独立审核压缩信息不对称：GSTC 行业标准从可持续管理、社会经济、文化与环境影响四方面设定指标，由经认可的认证机构评审并定期复核，只有进入认可体系的证书才有公信力。这让游客与采购方能识别真实的环保表现，倒逼酒店和旅行社在能耗、废弃物与社区受益方面持续改进。
Certification narrows information asymmetry through unified standards and independent auditing: the GSTC Industry Criteria set indicators across sustainable management, socioeconomic benefit, cultural respect and environmental impact; accredited certification bodies assess compliance with periodic reviews, and only certificates issued under a recognized scheme carry credibility. This lets travellers and procurement buyers distinguish genuine performance, pressing hotels and tour operators to keep improving energy use, waste handling and community benefit.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录含书名，但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分，需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
全球可持续旅游委员会《GSTC 行业标准》v2.0，2016 年
Global Sustainable Tourism Council, GSTC Industry Criteria v2.0, 2016
#可持续旅游认证 #漂绿 #独立审核
什么是联合国的可持续发展目标（SDGs）？
What are the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
可持续发展目标是联合国在2015年通过的17项全球目标，涵盖消除贫困、清洁饮水、气候行动、负责任消费等，计划到2030年实现。它们为各国提供了统一的发展蓝图。其中第13项目标专门应对气候变化。
The Sustainable Development Goals are 17 global targets adopted by the UN in 2015 covering poverty eradication, clean water, climate action, and responsible consumption, aimed for 2030. They provide a shared blueprint for all countries. Goal 13 specifically addresses climate change.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
联合国可持续发展目标官方文件
UN SDGs official documents
#可持续发展目标 #联合国 #2030
什么是“三重底线”？
What is the triple bottom line?
三重底线是企业和社会在衡量成功时同时考虑利润、人和地球三种结果，而不只看经济收益。它把社会责任和环境保护纳入决策。许多公司现在发布报告，说明自己在经济、社会和环境影响上的表现。
The triple bottom line means evaluating success by profit, people, and planet together, not just economic gain. It brings social responsibility and environmental care into decision-making. Many companies now report their economic, social, and environmental performance.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
联合国可持续发展知识平台
United Nations Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform
#三重底线 #企业 #责任
什么是生态效率？
What is eco-efficiency?
生态效率指在提供同等产品或服务的条件下，尽可能减少对资源和能源的消耗以及污染的排放。提高生态效率意味着“用更少做更多”。它鼓励企业改进工艺、设计节能产品。
Eco-efficiency means delivering the same product or service while using fewer resources and energy and producing less pollution. Improving it means doing more with less. It encourages firms to upgrade processes and design energy-saving products.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#生态效率 #资源 #减排
全球旅游活动的碳足迹约占全球温室气体排放的多大比例？可持续旅游主要依靠哪些环节实现减排？
What share of global greenhouse gas emissions is attributable to global tourism, and through which main levers does sustainable tourism reduce it?
基于投入产出模型的全供应链核算显示，旅游业含间接排放约占全球温室气体排放的8%，其中航空等交通占最大份额，其次为餐饮购物与住宿。可持续旅游据此抓住三环节：以铁路替代短途航班并延长单次停留时间；推进住宿节能改造与本地化采购；并以游客限额、预约分时等需求管理把客流引向淡季和周边社区，使旅游收入更多留存地方。
Full supply-chain input-output accounting puts global tourism at roughly 8% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, dominated by transport — especially flying — followed by food, shopping and accommodation. Sustainable tourism therefore works three levers: replacing short-haul flights with rail and extending length of stay; energy retrofits and local sourcing at lodgings; and demand management such as visitor caps and timed booking that spreads tourists into shoulder seasons and neighbouring communities, keeping revenue local.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补，暂不展示来源。
本题原挂出处与答案内容不符，已撤回；具体书目待补。
Previous citation withdrawn as unsupported for this answer; a specific source is pending.
#旅游碳足迹 #过度旅游 #游客管理 #低碳交通
什么是回收利用？
What is recycling?
回收利用是把废纸、塑料、玻璃和金属等废弃物加工成新产品原料的过程，能减少对原生资源的开采。做好垃圾分类是顺利回收的前提。回收既节约能源，又减少填埋和焚烧带来的污染。
Recycling processes waste like paper, plastic, glass, and metal into raw materials for new products, reducing the need to extract virgin resources. Proper sorting is the prerequisite for successful recycling. It saves energy and cuts pollution from landfills and incineration.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#回收 #垃圾分类 #资源
可持续发展的三大支柱是什么？
What are the three pillars of sustainable development?
可持续发展的三大支柱是经济、社会和环境，常被称为“三重底线”。经济发展要带来收入，社会进步要保障公平与健康，环境保护要守住生态底线。只有三者平衡，发展才是真正可持续的。
The three pillars of sustainable development are economy, society, and environment, often called the triple bottom line. The economy must generate income, society must ensure fairness and health, and the environment must set ecological limits. Only when all three balance is development truly sustainable.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
联合国布伦特兰委员会《我们共同的未来》（1987）
UN Brundtland Commission, Our Common Future (1987)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL16476557W：Our common future（首版 1
#三大支柱 #经济 #社会 #环境
什么是可持续发展？
What is sustainable development?
可持续发展是指既满足当代人的需要，又不损害后代满足其需要能力的发展方式。它要求我们在使用资源时留有余地，不把环境“用光”。节约用水、使用清洁能源都是可持续发展的具体做法。
Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own. It means using resources with restraint rather than exhausting the environment. Saving water and using clean energy are concrete examples of it.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
联合国布伦特兰报告共识
UN Brundtland Report consensus
#可持续发展 #后代 #资源
什么是过度消费？
What is overconsumption?
过度消费是指人们购买和使用的东西超过了实际需要，造成资源浪费和大量垃圾。快时尚、一次性用品和食物浪费都是常见例子。减少过度消费能减轻地球的环境压力。
Overconsumption means buying and using more than we actually need, creating waste and trash. Fast fashion, disposables, and food waste are common examples. Reducing it eases the environmental pressure on Earth.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
G. Tyler Miller,《Living in the Environment》Cengage 多版
G. T. Miller, Living in the Environment, Cengage Learning, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL66394W：Living in the environment
#过度消费 #浪费 #资源