废物管理的“等级次序”是什么?
What is the waste management hierarchy?
它把废物处理按优先顺序排列:最优先是源头减量,其次是重复使用、再循环、能量回收,最后才是焚烧和填埋。简单说就是“能不扔就不扔,能少用就少用”。
It ranks options by priority: prevention first, then reuse, recycling, energy recovery, and only lastly incineration and landfilling. In short: don't create waste, and use less in the first place.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327(按标识回读: 环境学)
#废物等级 #减量 #优先序
垃圾填埋场为什么会产气?
Why do landfills produce gas?
填埋的有机垃圾在缺氧环境下被微生物分解,会产生以甲烷和二氧化碳为主的“填埋气”。甲烷是强温室气体,但也可收集起来发电或供热,化害为利。
Buried organic waste decomposes without oxygen and yields 'landfill gas' rich in methane and CO₂. Methane is a strong greenhouse gas, but capturing it can generate power or heat, turning harm into use.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327(按标识回读: 环境学)
#填埋气 #甲烷 #厌氧分解
“垃圾焚烧发电”是怎么运作的?
How does waste-to-energy incineration work?
现代垃圾焚烧厂把分类后的不可回收废物高温燃烧,用产生的热量发电或供暖,同时配备尾气净化减少二噁英等污染物。它可大幅缩减垃圾体积,但前提是对有害物质严格管控。
Modern plants burn sorted non-recyclable waste at high temperature, using the heat to make electricity or heat, with flue-gas cleaning to cut dioxins and other pollutants. It greatly shrinks waste volume but demands strict control of hazardous emissions.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327(按标识回读: 环境学)
#焚烧发电 #热能 #尾气净化
电子废物为什么特别棘手?
Why is electronic waste especially tricky?
电子废物增长极快,既有金、铜等可回收的宝贵材料,也含铅、汞、阻燃剂等有毒成分。若随意拆解或焚烧,会污染土壤水源并危害工人健康,因此被《巴塞尔公约》列为需妥善管理的废物。
E-waste is the fastest-growing waste stream, holding both valuable materials like gold and copper and toxic ones like lead, mercury and flame retardants. Crude dismantling or burning pollutes soil and water and harms workers, so the Basel Convention treats it as waste needing careful management.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327(按标识回读: 环境学)
#电子废物 #有毒成分 #回收
厨余垃圾堆肥后变成了什么?
What does kitchen waste become after composting?
在通风、有水分和微生物的条件下,果皮菜叶等有机物慢慢分解成松软、富含养分的“腐殖质”。它回到土壤里能改善结构、保水保肥,是让废物变资源的典型做法。
With air, moisture and microbes, peels and scraps break down into soft, nutrient-rich humus. Returned to soil it improves structure and holds water and nutrients, a classic way to turn waste into a resource.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
左玉辉 主编,《环境学》第2版,高等教育出版社,2009
Zuo Yuhui ed., Environmental Science, 2nd ed., Higher Education Press, 2009
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787040283327(按标识回读: 环境学)
#堆肥 #腐殖质 #有机物
香蕉皮和塑料瓶为什么要扔进不同的桶?
Why do banana peels and plastic bottles go in different bins?
香蕉皮和西瓜皮一样,都是「厨余」,埋进土里几周就变成肥料喂大树;塑料瓶是「可回收」,要送去工厂洗干净变成新瓶子。分开放,它们才能找到自己的家。
Peels are kitchen waste — buried, they become plant food in weeks. Bottles are recyclables sent to factories to become new bottles. Sorting helps each find its own home.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
韩启德总主编《十万个为什么》(第六版),少年儿童出版社,2013
Han Qide chief ed., Ten Thousand Whys, 6th edition, Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013, 6th ed., Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-7-5324-9328-9 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787532493289
#垃圾分类 #回收 #堆肥