糖皮质激素发挥强大抗炎作用的细胞内机制是什么?
What is the intracellular mechanism behind the potent anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids?
糖皮质激素进入细胞后与胞质糖皮质激素受体结合,复合物转入细胞核,一方面上调抗炎蛋白(如脂皮素-1)基因转录,另一方面通过抑制NF-κB等转录因子阻断促炎细胞因子表达。这种转录水平的调控使其起效相对较慢但作用广泛。长期用需警惕血糖升高、骨质疏松等副作用。
Glucocorticoids bind cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors; the complex enters the nucleus, upregulating anti-inflammatory genes (e.g., lipocortin-1) and repressing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via transcription factors such as NF-κB. This transcriptional control is broad but slower to act. Long-term use risks hyperglycemia and osteoporosis.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 2 条独立证据
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《药理学》(杨宝峰主编,第9版),人民卫生出版社
Pharmacology (Yang Baofeng, 9th ed.), People's Medical Publishing House
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 DOUBAN ISBN 标识 9787117266048(按标识回读: 药理学(第9版))
#糖皮质激素 #NF-κB #抗炎
系统性红斑狼疮为何容易累及肾脏(狼疮肾炎)?
Why does systemic lupus erythematosus commonly involve the kidneys (lupus nephritis)?
SLE产生的抗核抗体与自身抗原形成循环免疫复合物,随血流沉积于肾小球基底膜并激活补体。补体活化招募炎症细胞,造成肾小球炎症和损伤,表现为蛋白尿和血尿。研究表明,及时免疫抑制治疗可保护肾功能。
In SLE, antinuclear antibodies form circulating immune complexes with self-antigens that lodge in the glomerular basement membrane and activate complement. Complement activation recruits inflammatory cells, injuring glomeruli and causing proteinuria and hematuria. Timely immunosuppression helps preserve renal function.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
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出处备注:此条未指向带版次的可引用著作(通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名),本库不提供独立书目出处;如需精确引用,需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
KDIGO 2021临床实践指南:肾小球疾病管理(含狼疮肾炎),肾脏国际(Kidney Int) 2021;100(4S):S1-S276
KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int. 2021;100(4S):S1-S276
#狼疮肾炎 #免疫复合物 #补体
痛风发作的根本原因是什么?
What is the underlying cause of a gout flare?
痛风源于长期高尿酸血症,当血尿酸超过溶解度时,单钠尿酸盐结晶沉积在关节及周围组织。结晶诱发中性粒细胞为主的急性炎症反应,表现为突发剧烈红、肿、热、痛。一般急性期抗炎镇痛,缓解期降尿酸治疗。
Gout stems from chronic hyperuricemia; when urate exceeds solubility, monosodium urate crystals deposit in joints and tissues. The crystals trigger a predominantly neutrophilic acute inflammation, causing sudden severe redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Acute flares are treated with anti-inflammatory analgesia, and urate-lowering therapy follows.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
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中华医学会风湿病学分会《痛风诊疗指南(2016)》
Chinese Rheumatology Association. Guidelines for the Management of Gout, 2016
#痛风 #高尿酸血症 #尿酸盐结晶
类风湿因子(RF)和抗CCP抗体在类风湿关节炎诊断中有什么价值?
What is the diagnostic value of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis?
RF是靶向自身IgG的抗体,敏感性较高但特异性有限,也可见于其他病和健康老人。抗环瓜氨酸肽(抗CCP)抗体特异性更强,阳性强烈支持类风湿关节炎并提示更易出现侵蚀性病变。两者联合可提高诊断准确性。
Rheumatoid factor targets self-IgG; it is sensitive but nonspecific and can appear in other diseases and healthy elders. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies are more specific, strongly supporting RA and predicting erosive disease. Together they improve diagnostic accuracy.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
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出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
中华医学会风湿病学分会《类风湿关节炎诊疗指南(2018)》
Chinese Rheumatology Association. Guidelines for Rheumatoid Arthritis, 2018
#类风湿因子 #抗CCP #自身抗体
系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)为什么被称为「系统性」自身免疫病?
Why is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) called a 'systemic' autoimmune disease?
SLE可产生针对细胞核成分的多种自身抗体,免疫复合物可沉积在皮肤、关节、肾脏、血液和神经系统等多个器官,造成广泛损害。因此它并非局限于单一器官,而是多系统受累。一般需结合临床标准和自身抗体(如抗dsDNA、抗Sm)综合诊断。
SLE generates diverse autoantibodies against nuclear components; immune complexes deposit in skin, joints, kidneys, blood, and nervous system, causing widespread damage. It is not confined to one organ but affects multiple systems. Diagnosis integrates clinical criteria with autoantibodies such as anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
中华医学会风湿病学分会《系统性红斑狼疮诊疗指南(2020)》
Chinese Rheumatology Association. Guidelines for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 2020
#红斑狼疮 #自身抗体 #多系统
强直性脊柱炎与HLA-B27之间有什么关系?
What is the relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and HLA-B27?
强直性脊柱炎与遗传易感性HLA-B27强相关,约90%的患者携带该抗原,但其并非诊断依据也不必然发病。该病主要累及骶髂关节和脊柱,表现为炎性腰背痛。一般结合临床、影像(骶髂关节炎)和HLA-B27协助诊断。
Ankylosing spondylitis is strongly associated with the HLA-B27 susceptibility allele—about 90% of patients carry it—but it is neither diagnostic nor deterministically pathogenic. The disease mainly affects sacroiliac joints and spine, causing inflammatory back pain. Diagnosis combines clinical, imaging (sacroiliitis), and HLA-B27 findings.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
中华医学会风湿病学分会《强直性脊柱炎诊疗指南(2013)》
Chinese Rheumatology Association. Guidelines for Ankylosing Spondylitis, 2013
#强直性脊柱炎 #HLA-B27 #骶髂关节
类风湿关节炎最典型的关节表现是什么?
What is the most typical joint manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?
类风湿关节炎典型表现为对称性、持续性的小关节(如双手近端指间关节、掌指关节和腕关节)肿痛与晨僵。若不及时控制,可逐渐出现关节侵蚀和畸形。一般需结合血清学(类风湿因子、抗CCP抗体)与影像学诊断。
Rheumatoid arthritis typically causes symmetric, persistent pain and swelling of small joints—proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints—with morning stiffness. Untreated, it can erode joints and cause deformity. Diagnosis combines serology (rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP) and imaging.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
中华医学会风湿病学分会《类风湿关节炎诊疗指南(2018)》
Chinese Rheumatology Association. Guidelines for Rheumatoid Arthritis, 2018
#类风湿关节炎 #晨僵 #小关节