什么是心房颤动（房颤）？
What is atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
房颤是心房电活动紊乱导致心房快速而不规则地颤动，心房不能有效收缩。它使血液容易在心房淤滞形成血栓，显著增加脑卒中和心力衰竭风险。
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular, often rapid quivering of the atria caused by disorganized electrical activity, so the atria cannot contract effectively. Blood can pool and clot in the atria, markedly increasing the risk of stroke and heart failure.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#房颤 #心律失常 #血栓
胆固醇和心脏病有什么关系？
How is cholesterol linked to heart disease?
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）过高会沉积在动脉壁形成斑块，增加动脉粥样硬化和心脏病风险。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）则有助于把胆固醇运回肝脏。
High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) deposits in artery walls and promotes plaques, raising the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) helps carry cholesterol back to the liver.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
美国国家胆固醇教育计划（NCEP）ATP III 报告（NHLBI, 2004）
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATP III Report (NHLBI, 2004).
#胆固醇 #LDL #心血管
什么是动脉粥样硬化？
What is atherosclerosis?
动脉粥样硬化是脂肪、胆固醇等物质在动脉内壁堆积形成斑块，使血管变窄、变硬的过程。它可限制血流，是冠心病和脑卒中的重要基础。
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances into plaques on the inner artery walls, narrowing and hardening the vessels. It restricts blood flow and underlies coronary heart disease and stroke.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
Kumar《Robbins 疾病病理基础》
Kumar. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease.
#动脉粥样硬化 #斑块 #冠心病
中风（脑卒中）是怎么回事？
What is a stroke?
中风是脑部供血突然中断，导致脑细胞缺氧坏死。缺血性中风由血栓堵塞血管引起，出血性中风由血管破裂引起。常见症状包括口角歪斜、肢体无力、说话含糊。
A stroke is a sudden interruption of blood supply to part of the brain, causing brain cells to die from lack of oxygen. Ischemic strokes are caused by blocked vessels; hemorrhagic strokes by ruptured vessels. Signs include face drooping, limb weakness and slurred speech.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#脑卒中 #脑血管 #脑
心肌梗死（心脏病发作）是怎么回事？
What happens during a heart attack (myocardial infarction)?
心肌梗死是供应心脏的冠状动脉被血栓堵塞，导致部分心肌因缺血而坏死。常见症状包括胸痛、出汗、左臂或下颌放射痛。及时开通血管可挽救心肌。
A heart attack occurs when a coronary artery is blocked by a clot, cutting off blood to part of the heart muscle and causing it to die. Typical signs include chest pain, sweating, and pain radiating to the left arm or jaw. Restoring blood flow quickly saves heart tissue.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录含书名，但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分，需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
Thygesen K 等《第四版心肌梗死通用定义》. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2018
Thygesen K, et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018.
#心肌梗死 #冠心病 #血栓
什么是心力衰竭？
What is heart failure?
心力衰竭不是心脏停止跳动，而是心脏泵血能力减弱，无法满足身体需求。常见表现有呼吸困难、乏力、下肢水肿。它常由高血压、心肌梗死等长期损害引起。
Heart failure does not mean the heart stops; rather, its pumping ability weakens and can no longer meet the body's needs. It often causes breathlessness, fatigue and leg swelling, and is frequently caused by long-term damage from high blood pressure or heart attacks.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#心力衰竭 #心脏 #水肿
血压的两个数值（收缩压和舒张压）分别代表什么？
What do the two blood pressure numbers (systolic and diastolic) represent?
收缩压是心脏收缩把血液泵出时血管承受的最高压力，舒张压是心脏舒张、两次搏动之间血管的最低压力。例如120/80 mmHg中，120是收缩压，80是舒张压。
The systolic number is the highest pressure when the heart contracts and pumps blood out; the diastolic number is the lowest pressure between beats when the heart relaxes. In 120/80 mmHg, 120 is systolic and 80 is diastolic.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：此条未指向带版次的可引用著作（通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名），本库不提供独立书目出处；如需精确引用，需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
中国高血压防治指南（2018）
Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (2018).
#收缩压 #舒张压 #血压
血压是什么意思？
What does blood pressure mean?
血压是血液在血管中流动时对血管壁产生的压力。它反映心脏泵血的力量和血管的阻力，是评估心血管健康的基本指标。
Blood pressure is the force that circulating blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels. It reflects how strongly the heart pumps and the resistance of the vessels, and is a basic indicator of cardiovascular health.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Guyton 与 Hall，《医学生理学教科书》（第13版，Elsevier，2016）
Guyton & Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology (13th ed., Elsevier, 2016)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-0-323-59712-8 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-1-4557-4377-3 (3rd ed., Elsevier) · 核验依据 3 ISBN 978-1-319-45541-5 (8th ed., Macmillan Learning)
#血压 #血管 #心血管
人的心脏每天大约跳动多少次？
How many times does a human heart beat in a typical day?
在静息状态下，成年人心脏每分钟约跳动60到100次。按平均每分钟70次计算，一天大约跳动10万次。心脏通过这种持续跳动把血液泵送到全身。
At rest, an adult heart beats about 60 to 100 times per minute. At an average of 70 beats per minute, that is roughly 100,000 beats per day. The heartbeat continuously pumps blood to the whole body.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Guyton 与 Hall，《医学生理学教科书》（第13版，Elsevier，2016）
Guyton & Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology (13th ed., Elsevier, 2016)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-0-323-59712-8 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-1-4557-4377-3 (3rd ed., Elsevier) · 核验依据 3 ISBN 978-1-319-45541-5 (8th ed., Macmillan Learning)
#心脏 #心跳 #循环系统
毛细血管有什么作用？
What is the function of capillaries?
毛细血管是连接动脉和静脉的极细血管，管壁只有一层细胞。氧气、营养物质和废物在这里与周围组织进行交换。
Capillaries are tiny vessels connecting arteries and veins, with walls only one cell thick. Oxygen, nutrients and wastes are exchanged with surrounding tissues here.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Guyton 与 Hall，《医学生理学教科书》（第13版，Elsevier，2016）
Guyton & Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology (13th ed., Elsevier, 2016)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-0-323-59712-8 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-1-4557-4377-3 (3rd ed., Elsevier) · 核验依据 3 ISBN 978-1-319-45541-5 (8th ed., Macmillan Learning)
#毛细血管 #微循环 #气体交换