诊断与治疗常识 Medicine & Health

7 个科学问题 · 医学健康 Medicine & Health

本页目录

MRI和CT有什么区别?

How does MRI differ from CT?

CT用X射线看骨骼和急性出血快而清晰,MRI用强磁场和无线电波,对脑、脊髓、韧带等软组织分辨更佳且无辐射。两者适应症互补。
CT uses X-rays and is fast and clear for bone and acute bleeding; MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves, giving better detail of soft tissue such as brain, spinal cord and ligaments, with no radiation. Their uses are complementary.
难度 专业 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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万学红 陈红 主编,《诊断学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018

Wan Xuehong and Chen Hong eds., Diagnostics, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018

#MRI #CT #影像

什么是活检?

What is a biopsy?

活检是用针、内镜或手术取出少量组织,在显微镜下检查细胞形态以明确诊断。它是确诊癌症和许多疾病的“金标准”。
A biopsy removes a small tissue sample by needle, endoscope or surgery and examines cell structure under the microscope to confirm a diagnosis. It is the 'gold standard' for confirming cancer and many other conditions.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。

Kumar《Robbins 疾病病理基础》(活检与病理章节);世界卫生组织(WHO)肿瘤分类

Kumar. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease (biopsy/pathology); WHO Classification of Tumours.

#活检 #病理 #诊断

为什么医疗需要知情同意?

Why is informed consent needed in medicine?

知情同意要求医生向患者说明检查或治疗的风险、收益与替代方案,由患者自主决定。它尊重患者的自主权并保障其知情权利。
Informed consent requires the doctor to explain the risks, benefits and alternatives of a test or treatment so the patient can decide. It respects patient autonomy and protects the right to know.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
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世界医学协会(WMA)《赫尔辛基宣言》;美国《贝尔蒙特报告》(1979)

World Medical Association (WMA). Declaration of Helsinki; The Belmont Report (1979).

#知情同意 #伦理 #患者权利

手术中的“麻醉”是怎么回事?

How does anesthesia in surgery work?

麻醉用药物暂时阻断痛觉和意识,使患者在手术中无痛或无知觉。全身麻醉让人入睡并忘却过程,局部麻醉只阻断特定区域的感觉。
Anesthesia uses drugs to temporarily block pain and consciousness so the patient feels no pain or awareness during surgery. General anesthesia puts a person to sleep and erases the procedure; local anesthesia numbs only a specific area.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
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Miller《米勒麻醉学》(Miller's Anesthesia)

Miller's Anesthesia (Miller RD).

#麻醉 #手术 #镇痛

血常规检查能看出什么?

What can a complete blood count (CBC) show?

血常规通过计数红细胞、白细胞和血小板,反映贫血、感染和出血倾向。例如白细胞升高常提示感染,红细胞偏低提示贫血。
A CBC counts red cells, white cells and platelets to reveal anemia, infection and bleeding tendency. For example, high white cells often suggest infection, while low red cells indicate anemia.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。

《威廉姆斯血液学》(Hoffman 等)

Williams Hematology (Hoffman R, et al.).

#血常规 #血液 #诊断

什么是CT扫描?

What is a CT scan?

CT利用X射线从多个角度拍摄并由计算机重建出身体横断面图像。它比普通X光更清晰,常用于快速评估外伤、肿瘤和出血。
CT uses X-rays taken from many angles and reconstructed by computer into cross-sectional images of the body. Clearer than plain X-rays, it is often used to quickly assess trauma, tumors and bleeding.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source

万学红 陈红 主编,《诊断学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018

Wan Xuehong and Chen Hong eds., Diagnostics, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018

#CT #影像 #X射线

医生用听诊器能听到什么?

What can a doctor hear with a stethoscope?

听诊器放大心、肺和肠的声音,医生据此判断心跳节律、呼吸杂音和肠蠕动。例如心脏杂音可能提示瓣膜异常。
A stethoscope amplifies sounds from the heart, lungs and gut, letting the doctor judge heart rhythm, breathing sounds and bowel activity. For instance, a heart murmur may hint at a valve problem.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
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Guyton 与 Hall,《医学生理学教科书》(第13版,Elsevier,2016)

Guyton & Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology (13th ed., Elsevier, 2016)

#听诊器 #心脏杂音 #诊断