液体活检在癌症筛查中有何优势?
What are the advantages of liquid biopsy in cancer screening?
液体活检通过血液检测循环肿瘤DNA,创伤小、可重复,有望早期发现复发与耐药突变,但成本与准确性仍在完善。
Liquid biopsy detects circulating tumor DNA from blood—minimal invasiveness and repeatable—potentially catching early relapse and resistance mutations, though cost and accuracy are still improving.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
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Cohen 等《血液游离 DNA 整合分析用于癌症早筛》(Science, 2018)
Cohen et al., Integrated analysis of blood plasma cfDNA for cancer screening (Science, 2018)
#液体活检 #癌症
PCR检测的原理是什么?
What is the principle of PCR testing?
PCR通过反复加热冷却,利用DNA聚合酶指数级扩增特定基因片段,使微量病原体核酸可被检测,灵敏度极高。
PCR cycles heating and cooling so DNA polymerase exponentially amplifies a target fragment, making tiny pathogen amounts detectable with high sensitivity.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
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出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。
Mullis 与 Faloona《特异性酶促扩增 DNA 序列》(Methods in Enzymology, 1987)
Mullis & Faloona, Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA (Methods in Enzymology, 1987)
#PCR #分子诊断
验血能查出什么?
What can a blood test show?
血常规可反映感染、贫血与炎症,生化检查评估肝肾功能与血糖血脂,是日常筛查的重要手段。
A blood count reveals infection, anemia, and inflammation, while biochemistry checks liver, kidney, glucose, and lipids—key screening tools.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。
Burtis、Bruns 与 Ashwood《Tietz 临床化学基础》(Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry,第7版)
Burtis, Bruns & Ashwood, Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry (7th edition)
#验血 #筛查
CT和MRI有什么区别?
What is the difference between CT and MRI?
CT用X射线快速成像骨骼与急性出血,MRI用磁场和射频显示脑、韧带等软组织更清晰,且无辐射。
CT uses X-rays for fast bone and bleeding images; MRI uses magnets and radio waves for clearer soft tissue like brain and ligaments, with no radiation.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。
Brant 与 Helms《诊断放射学基础》(Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology)CT 与 MRI 章节
Brant & Helms, Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology (CT and MRI chapters)
#CT #MRI
听诊器为什么能听到心跳?
Why can a stethoscope hear the heartbeat?
听诊器以密闭管路收集胸壁的声波并放大,使医生能分辨心瓣开闭与血流异常产生的杂音。
A stethoscope collects and amplifies chest-wall sounds through sealed tubing, letting clinicians hear valve motions and abnormal blood-flow murmurs.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。
Bates《体格检查与病史采集指南》(Bates' Guide to Physical Examination,第12版)
Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking (12th edition)
#听诊器 #心血管
体温计是怎样测体温的?
How does a thermometer measure temperature?
电子体温计用传感器感知热量并转换成数字,正常腋下体温约36–37摄氏度。
Digital thermometers use a sensor to detect heat and show a number; normal underarm temperature is about 36–37°C.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 3 条独立证据
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Guyton 与 Hall《医学生理学》(Textbook of Medical Physiology)体温调节章节
Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology (body temperature regulation chapter)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-0-323-59712-8 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 978-1-4557-4377-3 (3rd ed., Elsevier) · 核验依据 3 ISBN 978-1-319-45541-5 (8th ed., Macmillan Learning)
#体温计 #诊断
医生为什么有时要拍X光?
Why do doctors sometimes take an X-ray?
X光能看见骨头和肺的样子,帮助医生发现骨折或肺炎等问题。
X-rays show bones and lungs so doctors can find breaks or pneumonia.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。
Brant 与 Helms《诊断放射学基础》(Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology,第5版)
Brant & Helms, Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology (5th edition)
#X光 #影像