什么是基因组和基因突变?
What are genomes and gene mutations?
基因组是生物体全部遗传信息(DNA)的总和;基因突变是DNA序列发生改变,多数无害,少数可能影响功能或导致疾病。
A genome is an organism's complete genetic information (DNA); a gene mutation is a change in the DNA sequence, most harmless but some affect function or cause disease.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:此条未指向带版次的可引用著作(通识性内容、机构文件或未展开的英文书名),本库不提供独立书目出处;如需精确引用,需由编辑补全具体篇目与版次。
Lodish HF等,Molecular Cell Biology(分子细胞生物学)第8版,W.H. Freeman,2016
Lodish HF et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 8th ed., W.H. Freeman, 2016
#基因 #突变
癌症是如何产生的?
How does cancer develop?
癌症是细胞基因突变后失控分裂、逃避死亡,并可能侵入周围组织或转移;它通常不是单一原因,而是遗传与环境多因素导致。
Cancer arises when cells acquire mutations, divide uncontrollably, evade death, and may invade or spread; it usually stems from multiple genetic and environmental factors.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416(豆瓣书目条目: 内科学)
#癌症 #基因突变
为什么会有耐药性?
Why does drug resistance develop?
当微生物反复接触药物,少数发生变异而存活下来并繁殖,这些"耐药"后代让原来的药失效,就是耐药性。
When microbes meet a drug repeatedly, a few mutate and survive, breeding "resistant" descendants that the drug no longer kills, that is drug resistance.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416(豆瓣书目条目: 内科学)
#耐药性 #抗生素
为什么蚊虫叮咬会痒?
Why do mosquito bites itch?
蚊子叮咬时注入唾液防止血液凝固,其中的蛋白质引发免疫系统释放组胺,使皮肤发红发痒。
Mosquitoes inject saliva to stop blood clotting; its proteins trigger histamine release, making the skin red and itchy.
难度 进阶 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416(豆瓣书目条目: 内科学)
#蚊虫 #瘙痒
偏头痛和普通头痛有什么不同?
How is a migraine different from a regular headache?
偏头痛常是单侧搏动性头痛,伴随恶心、怕光怕声,可能持续数小时到几天;普通头痛多为双侧钝痛,程度较轻。
A migraine is often one-sided pulsing pain with nausea and light/sound sensitivity lasting hours to days; a regular headache is usually milder, dull, and on both sides.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416(豆瓣书目条目: 内科学)
#偏头痛 #头痛
细菌和病毒有什么区别?
What is the difference between bacteria and viruses?
细菌是完整的单细胞生物,可以用抗生素杀死;病毒比细菌小得多,必须钻进细胞里复制,所以抗生素对病毒没用。
Bacteria are complete single-celled organisms killed by antibiotics; viruses are much smaller and must enter cells to multiply, so antibiotics don't work on them.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416(豆瓣书目条目: 内科学)
#细菌 #病毒
糖尿病是怎么回事?
What is diabetes?
糖尿病是身体不能好好利用或制造胰岛素,导致血糖过高的病;常见有1型(胰岛素不足)和2型(细胞对胰岛素不敏感)。
Diabetes is when the body can't use or make enough insulin, leaving blood sugar too high; common types are type 1 (too little insulin) and type 2 (cells resist insulin).
难度 入门 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416(豆瓣书目条目: 内科学)
#糖尿病 #胰岛素
为什么要洗手?
Why should we wash our hands?
手上会沾到看不见的细菌和病毒,洗手能用水和肥皂把它们冲走,不让它们进到嘴里生病。
Hands pick up invisible germs; washing with soap and water rinses them away so they don't get into your mouth and make you sick.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416(豆瓣书目条目: 内科学)
#洗手 #卫生