疫苗中的“减毒活疫苗”和“灭活疫苗”有何不同？
How do 'live attenuated' and 'inactivated' vaccines differ?
减毒活疫苗使用被削弱但仍存活的病原体，免疫效果强且持久，但免疫功能低下者需慎用；灭活疫苗使用被杀死的病原体，更安全但通常需要多次接种加强。
Live attenuated vaccines use weakened but still living pathogens and produce strong, long-lasting immunity, though they require caution in immunocompromised people. Inactivated vaccines use killed pathogens, are safer, but usually need multiple booster doses.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#疫苗 #灭活 #免疫
先天免疫和适应性免疫有何区别？
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
先天免疫是出生即有的快速、非特异性防线，如皮肤和吞噬细胞；适应性免疫是后天获得的、针对特定病原体的精确反应，并具有记忆性。两者相互配合保护身体。
Innate immunity is the fast, non-specific defense we are born with, such as skin and phagocytes, while adaptive immunity is acquired later and mounts a precise, pathogen-specific response with memory. The two work together to protect the body.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#先天免疫 #适应性免疫 #免疫
为什么会流鼻涕、打喷嚏？
Why do we get a runny nose and sneeze?
流鼻涕和打喷嚏是身体清除鼻腔异物和病原体的防御反应。它们常由感冒病毒或过敏原刺激鼻黏膜引起。
A runny nose and sneezing are defensive reactions that clear the nasal passages of irritants and pathogens. They are often triggered by cold viruses or allergens irritating the nasal lining.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#鼻涕 #喷嚏 #免疫
经常洗手为什么有助于防病？
Why does frequent hand washing help prevent disease?
我们的手会接触很多带有病菌的表面，洗手能冲走大部分病原体的传播。用肥皂和流动水洗手是预防感染最简单有效的方法之一。
Our hands touch many surfaces carrying germs, and washing removes most of the pathogens we might spread. Using soap and running water is one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent infection.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#洗手 #卫生 #免疫
白细胞在人体里有什么作用？
What do white blood cells do in the body?
白细胞是免疫系统的“卫士”，负责识别和消灭入侵的细菌、病毒等病原体。它们包括中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞等多种类型。
White blood cells are the 'guardians' of the immune system, identifying and destroying invaders such as bacteria and viruses. They include various types like neutrophils and lymphocytes.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#白细胞 #免疫 #血液
接种疫苗为什么能保护我们？
Why do vaccines protect us?
疫苗让免疫系统提前“认识”病原体，产生记忆细胞。当真正的病原体入侵时，身体能更快更强地做出反应。
Vaccines let the immune system 'meet' a pathogen in advance and produce memory cells. When the real pathogen attacks, the body can respond faster and more strongly.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#疫苗 #免疫 #预防
为什么伤口会红肿？
Why do wounds become red and swollen?
伤口红肿是身体正在对抗细菌和修复组织的信号，免疫细胞会聚集到受伤处。适度的红肿是正常的，但如果很痛或化脓就要告诉大人。
Redness and swelling at a wound signal that the body is fighting bacteria and repairing tissue, sending immune cells to the site. Mild redness and swelling are normal, but severe pain or pus means you should tell an adult.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source
葛均波 等主编,《内科学》第9版,人民卫生出版社,2018
Ge Junbo et al. eds., Internal Medicine, 9th ed., PMPH, 2018
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787117265416（豆瓣书目条目: 内科学）
#伤口 #炎症 #免疫