日本物理学家汤川秀树因什么工作获得诺贝尔奖？
For what work did Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa win the Nobel Prize?
他预言强相互作用靠一种新的粒子（介子，后被证实为π介子）传递，为理解原子核内的力打开了大门。
He predicted the strong force is carried by a new particle, the meson (later the pion), opening the door to understanding the nuclear force.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
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H. Yukawa, 《On the Interaction of Elementary Particles》, Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan 17, 48 (1935)
H. Yukawa, 'On the Interaction of Elementary Particles', Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan 17, 48 (1935)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 DOI 10.32014/2018.2518-1726.00
#汤川 #介子 #强相互作用
印度天体物理学家钱德拉塞卡因什么闻名？
What is Indian astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar famous for?
他算出白矮星有个最大质量（钱德拉塞卡极限），超过它就会塌成中子星或黑洞，改变了恒星演化理论。
He found a maximum mass for white dwarfs, the Chandrasekhar limit; above it a star collapses to a neutron star or black hole, reshaping stellar evolution.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
S. Chandrasekhar, 《The Highly Collapsed Configurations of a Stellar Mass》, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 95, 207 (1935)
S. Chandrasekhar, 'The Highly Collapsed Configurations of a Stellar Mass', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 95, 207 (1935)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 DOI 10.1093/mnras/95.3.207
#钱德拉塞卡 #白矮星 #极限
杨振宁和李政道因什么发现获诺贝尔奖？
For what discovery did Yang and Lee win the Nobel Prize?
他们提出在弱相互作用中“宇称”不守恒，即左右对称在微观某些过程里会被打破，颠覆了旧观念。
They proposed that parity is not conserved in weak interactions—left-right symmetry can be broken in some microscopic processes, overturning old belief.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
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T. D. Lee 与 C. N. Yang, 《Question of Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions》, Physical Review 104, 254 (1956)
T. D. Lee & C. N. Yang, 'Question of Parity Conservation in Weak Interactions', Physical Review 104, 254 (1956)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 INSPIRE 标识 10.1103/PhysRev.104.254：Question of Parity Co
#宇称 #不守恒 #弱作用
美籍华人崔琦因什么发现获诺贝尔物理学奖？
For what discovery did Chinese-American physicist Daniel Tsui win the Nobel Prize in Physics?
他发现分数量子霍尔效应：在极强磁场和极低温下，二维电子气的电阻出现由分数电荷载流子引起的平台。
He discovered the fractional quantum Hall effect: at extreme fields and low temperatures, a 2D electron gas shows plateaus from fractionally charged carriers.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
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D. C. Tsui、H. L. Stormer 与 A. C. Gossard, 《Two-Dimensional Magnetotransport in the Extreme Quantum Limit》, Physical Review Letters 48, 1559 (1982)
D. C. Tsui, H. L. Stormer & A. C. Gossard, 'Two-Dimensional Magnetotransport in the Extreme Quantum Limit', Physical Review Letters 48, 1559 (1982)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 CROSSREF 标识 10.1103/physrevlett.48.1559：Two-Dimensional
#崔琦 #量子霍尔 #分数
吴健雄如何用实验验证杨、李的宇称不守恒？
How did Chien-Shiung Wu experimentally verify Yang and Lee's parity violation?
她用极低温下排列整齐的钴-60原子核做β衰变，发现电子更爱朝一个方向飞，证明弱作用里左右真的不对称。
Using cobalt-60 nuclei aligned at very low temperature, she found beta electrons preferred one direction, proving weak interactions are not left-right symmetric.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
C. S. Wu、E. Ambler、R. W. Hayward 等, 《Experimental Test of Parity Conservation in Beta Decay》, Physical Review 105, 1413 (1957)
C. S. Wu et al., 'Experimental Test of Parity Conservation in Beta Decay', Physical Review 105, 1413 (1957)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 CROSSREF 标识 10.1103/physrev.105.1413：Experimental Test o
#吴健雄 #β衰变 #宇称
应县木塔历经近千年地震而不倒，木结构有什么物理巧思？
Why has the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda survived millennia of earthquakes?
它用斗拱把构件咬合在一起，地震时木材的柔性和节点摩擦能吸收和耗散晃动能量，整体像会“卸力”的弹簧。
Its bracket sets (dougong) lock parts together; wood flexibility and joint friction dissipate shaking energy, so the structure sheds quake forces like a spring.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
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Joseph Needham 著《Science and Civilisation in China》（中国科学技术史）
Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787532508266 (2000)
#斗拱 #耗能 #抗震
北宋苏颂的“水运仪象台”靠什么动力带动天体模型转动？
What powered Su Song's water-clock astronomical tower to turn its celestial model?
它靠水流驱动，并用早期的“擒纵机构”把匀速水流变成一上一下的节拍，控制齿轮让星图与天象同步。
Driven by flowing water, an early escapement turned steady flow into ticks that governed gears, keeping the star map in step with the sky.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Joseph Needham 著《Science and Civilisation in China》（中国科学技术史）
Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787532508266 (2000)
#水运 #擒纵 #天文
阿拉伯学者伊本·海赛姆对光学有什么贡献？
What did the Arab scholar Ibn al-Haytham contribute to optics?
他系统用实验研究光与视觉，解释了小孔成像（暗箱），并提出光沿直线传播、由物体进入眼睛，奠定了现代光学方法。
He studied light and vision experimentally, explained the camera obscura (pinhole imaging), and argued light travels straight from objects into the eye, founding modern optics.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
Ibn al-Haytham（海什木）, 《Kitab al-Manazir》（光学书）, c. 1021
Ibn al-Haytham, Kitab al-Manazir (Book of Optics), c. 1021
#海赛姆 #光学 #暗箱
中国“四大发明”里的造纸和印刷，体现了哪些物理与材料道理？
What physics and materials ideas sit behind papermaking and printing among China's four great inventions?
造纸靠纤维在水里均匀分散再滤水成网；印刷靠墨的浸润与毛细把字“印”到纸面，都利用了流体和表面现象。
Papermaking disperses fibers in water then drains them into a mat; printing uses ink wetting and capillarity to transfer characters—both lean on fluid and surface physics.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Joseph Needham 著《Science and Civilisation in China》（中国科学技术史）
Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787532508266 (2000)
#造纸 #印刷 #材料
沈括在《梦溪笔谈》里记录了哪些和物理有关的观察？
What physics-related observations did Shen Kuo record in his Dream Pool Essays?
他注意到指南针并不完全指正南（磁偏角），还用琴弦演示了共振：一根弦发声会带动音高相同的另一根弦振动。
He noted the compass does not point exactly south (magnetic declination) and showed resonance with strings: one sounding string can make a matching one vibrate.
难度 进阶 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Joseph Needham 著《Science and Civilisation in China》（中国科学技术史）
Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787532508266 (2000)
#沈括 #磁偏角 #共振
华裔科学家高锟为什么被称为“光纤之父”？
Why is Chinese scientist Charles Kao called the 'father of fiber optics'?
他论证用高纯度玻璃纤维能远距离低损耗传送光信号，奠定了现代光通信；为此获诺贝尔物理学奖。
He showed that pure glass fibers could carry light signals over long distances with low loss, founding modern optical communication and earning a Nobel Prize.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
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C. K. Kao 与 G. A. Hockham, 《Dielectric-fibre Surface Waveguides for Optical Frequencies》, Proceedings of the IEE 113, 1151 (1966)
C. K. Kao & G. A. Hockham, 'Dielectric-fibre Surface Waveguides for Optical Frequencies', Proceedings of the IEE 113, 1151 (1966)
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 CROSSREF 标识 10.1049/piee.1966.0189：Dielectric-fibre surf
#高锟 #光纤 #通信
张衡的地动仪真的能“预测”地震方向吗，靠什么原理？
Could Zhang Heng's seismoscope indicate a quake's direction, and by what principle?
地动仪内部有悬垂的摆，远处地震传来的地面振动让摆倒向震源方向，拨动对应方向的机关。这是利用惯性感知地面运动。
Inside, a suspended pendulum lurched toward the incoming seismic wave and tripped the mechanism on that side—using inertia to sense ground motion.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Joseph Needham 著《Science and Civilisation in China》（中国科学技术史）
Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787532508266 (2000)
#地动仪 #惯性 #摆
中国古代的“司南”靠什么指出方向？
How did the ancient Chinese 'si nan' compass point direction?
司南是一块天然磁石（磁铁矿）磨成的勺，能自由转动，受地球磁场作用停在南北方向。
The si nan was a lodestone (magnetite) spoon that could rotate freely and aligned with Earth's magnetic field to point north-south.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-04
来源 · Source
Joseph Needham 著《Science and Civilisation in China》（中国科学技术史）
Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787532508266 (2000)
#司南 #磁石 #指南