为什么训练有素的女高音能对着玻璃杯唱到把它震碎？
How can a trained soprano shatter a wine glass with her voice?
每个物体都有固有频率，当歌唱声的频率与玻璃杯的固有频率一致并足够强时，会发生共振使振幅不断增大。玻璃承受不住剧烈振动就破裂了。
Every object has a natural frequency; when a singer's tone matches the glass's natural frequency strongly enough, resonance builds the amplitude until the glass can no longer withstand the violent vibration and breaks.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Paul Hewitt,《Conceptual Physics》Pearson 多版
Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Pearson, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1930743W：Conceptual physics（按标题+
#共振 #固有频率 #声音物理
为什么向吸管或瓶口吹气会发出呜呜的声音？
Why does blowing across a straw or bottle opening produce a whistling tone?
气流经过开口边缘时与边缘发生周期性相互作用，激发管内或瓶内空气按固有频率振动而发声：吸管是气柱共振，瓶口是亥姆霍兹腔共振。改变管长或水位就改变了频率，音调随之变化。
As the jet of air flows across the opening it interacts with the edge periodically, exciting the air in the tube or bottle to vibrate at its natural frequency and sound: a straw supports column resonances, a bottle mouth a Helmholtz-cavity resonance. Changing the length or water level changes the frequency and thus the pitch.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Paul Hewitt,《Conceptual Physics》Pearson 多版
Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Pearson, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1930743W：Conceptual physics（按标题+
#空气柱 #振动 #声音物理
为什么用手指轻敲玻璃杯边缘会发出清脆的声音？
Why does tapping the rim of a glass produce a clear ringing tone?
敲击让杯壁和杯中空气以固有频率振动，并向外辐射声波。玻璃硬而轻、阻尼小，振动衰减慢，所以发出持续而清脆的乐音。
The tap makes the glass wall and the air inside vibrate at their natural frequency and radiate sound. Glass is stiff and light with little damping, so the vibration decays slowly, giving a sustained, clear tone.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Paul Hewitt,《Conceptual Physics》Pearson 多版
Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Pearson, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1930743W：Conceptual physics（按标题+
#共振 #振动 #声音物理
为什么救护车朝你开来时警笛声更尖，开走后变得低沉？
Why does an ambulance siren sound higher as it approaches and lower after it passes?
这是多普勒效应：声源靠近时声波被压缩、波长变短、频率升高，听起来更尖；远离时波长被拉长、频率降低，听起来更低沉。
This is the Doppler effect. As the source approaches, sound waves are compressed to shorter wavelengths and higher frequency, sounding sharper; as it recedes, wavelengths stretch and frequency drops, sounding lower.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Paul Hewitt,《Conceptual Physics》Pearson 多版
Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Pearson, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1930743W：Conceptual physics（按标题+
#多普勒 #频率 #声音物理
为什么空房间比摆满家具的房间听起来更空旷、回声更明显？
Why does an empty room sound more hollow and echoey than a furnished one?
空房间墙壁光滑、缺少吸声物体，声音反复反射难以被吸收，混响时间很长。家具、窗帘、地毯会吸收并散射声波，缩短混响，听起来更闷。
An empty room has smooth walls and few sound-absorbing objects, so sound reflects many times with little absorption and a long reverberation time. Furniture, curtains, and carpets absorb and scatter sound, shortening reverberation and making it sound duller.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Paul Hewitt,《Conceptual Physics》Pearson 多版
Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Pearson, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1930743W：Conceptual physics（按标题+
#混响 #吸收 #声音物理
为什么把耳朵贴在铁轨上，比在空气中更早听到远处的火车？
Why can you hear a distant train earlier by putting your ear to the rail than through the air?
声音在固体（钢铁）中传播速度约5000米每秒，远快于在空气中约340米每秒。而且铁轨传声衰减慢、方向性强，所以先听到由铁轨传来的振动。
Sound travels through steel at about 5000 meters per second, far faster than the roughly 340 in air, and the rail carries it with less loss and clear directionality, so you hear the vibration through the rail first.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Paul Hewitt,《Conceptual Physics》Pearson 多版
Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Pearson, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1930743W：Conceptual physics（按标题+
#介质 #声速 #声音物理
为什么在山谷或空旷大厅里大喊会听到回声？
Why do you hear an echo when you shout in a valley or an empty hall?
声音遇到远处的山壁或墙壁会反射回来，若反射声比原声晚到约0.1秒以上，人耳就能分辨成两次声音，这就是回声。距离越远延迟越明显。
Sound reflects off a distant cliff or wall, and if the reflected sound arrives more than about 0.1 second after the original, the ear perceives it as a separate echo. The farther the surface, the more obvious the delay.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Paul Hewitt,《Conceptual Physics》Pearson 多版
Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Pearson, various editions
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL1930743W：Conceptual physics（按标题+
#反射 #声波 #声音物理
为什么隔着房间也能听到声音,却看不到说话的人?
Why do voices cross rooms but people stay hidden around corners?
因为声音波长长、容易拐弯(衍射),而光的波长短得多,拐弯能力弱到几乎直线传播。门开一条缝,声波绕过门板钻进你的耳朵,光却被墙挡住。这也解释了为什么无线电波(波长更长)能翻山越岭,可见光却不能——波长决定了绕行本领。
Sound has long wavelengths that bend easily around corners (diffraction); light wavelengths are tiny and travel nearly straight. A cracked door lets sound curl through to you while walls block sight. Same reason radio waves cross mountains but visible light cannot — wavelength sets bending power.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学高段(9-12)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-10-03 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
《十万个为什么》第六版物理分册,少年儿童出版社,2013
Ten Thousand Whys: Physics volume, 6th ed., Juvenile and Children Publishing House, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 978-7-5324-9328-9 · 核验依据 2 ISBN 9787532493289
#衍射 #波长 #声与光