units-history Physics

8 个科学问题 · 物理 Physics

本页目录

国际单位制为什么一而再地重写基本单位?

Why is the SI system repeatedly redefining its base units?

实物标准会磨损、会漂移,而自然常数(光速、普朗克常数、基本电荷等)永远不变。把单位锚定常数,任何实验室都能复现,最稳最公平。
Physical artifacts wear and drift, but natural constants (speed of light, Planck's constant, elementary charge) never change. Anchoring units to them lets any lab reproduce them exactly.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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程守洙 江之永,《普通物理学》第七版,高等教育出版社,2016

Cheng Shouzhu and Jiang Zhiyong, General Physics, 7th ed., Higher Education Press, 2016

#SI #常数 #标准

“千克”曾经靠一块铂铱合金圆柱体定义,后来为什么改了?

The kilogram was once a platinum-iridium cylinder; why was that changed?

那块“国际千克原器”会悄悄变重或变轻,难以保证永恒准确。2019年起千克改由普朗克常数和天平(基布尔秤)定义。
The international prototype could slowly gain or lose mass, so it was not eternally exact. Since 2019 the kilogram is defined via Planck's constant and a Kibble balance.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-05 · 3 条独立证据
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BIPM,《国际单位制(SI)》(第9版,2019),附录(千克新定义)

BIPM, 'The International System of Units (SI)' (9th ed., 2019), Appendix (redefinition of the kilogram)

#千克 #普朗克 #原器

食物热量常用“卡路里”,科学上为什么更爱用“焦耳”?

Food energy uses calories, but why do scientists prefer joules?

焦耳直接来自力和位移(1焦耳=1牛·米),和其他能量单位统一;卡路里只是习惯保留在营养标签上。
The joule follows directly from force times distance and unifies with other energies; the calorie survives mainly on nutrition labels by habit.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source

程守洙 江之永,《普通物理学》第七版,高等教育出版社,2016

Cheng Shouzhu and Jiang Zhiyong, General Physics, 7th ed., Higher Education Press, 2016

#焦耳 #卡路里 #能量

“秒”现在为什么用铯原子来定义,而不再看地球转一圈?

Why is the second now defined by a cesium atom rather than Earth's rotation?

地球自转有快慢波动,不够稳;铯-133在两个能级间跃迁的频率极其固定,用它计时要准几亿倍。
Earth's spin wobbles and is not steady; the cesium-133 hyperfine transition has an extremely fixed frequency, making atomic time billions of times more accurate.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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程守洙 江之永,《普通物理学》第七版,高等教育出版社,2016

Cheng Shouzhu and Jiang Zhiyong, General Physics, 7th ed., Higher Education Press, 2016

#秒 #原子钟 #铯

古人用“尺”和“步”量长短,为什么现代全世界统一用“米”?

Why did the world switch from rulers' feet and paces to the meter?

各地的“尺”长短不一,做生意、造桥容易乱。统一用米这样的标准,交流才不出错。
Local 'feet' differed in length, causing confusion in trade and building; a shared standard like the meter prevents mistakes.
难度 入门 · 适合 小学低段(6-8) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
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程守洙 江之永,《普通物理学》第七版,高等教育出版社,2016

Cheng Shouzhu and Jiang Zhiyong, General Physics, 7th ed., Higher Education Press, 2016

#米 #标准 #测量

“光年”是时间单位还是距离单位?

Is a light-year a unit of time or of distance?

是距离单位,指光在一年里跑的路程,约9.46万亿公里。名字带“年”只是因为它用时间算出来。
It is a distance: how far light travels in one year, about 9.46 trillion km. The 'year' is just because time is used to compute it.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source

程守洙 江之永,《普通物理学》第七版,高等教育出版社,2016

Cheng Shouzhu and Jiang Zhiyong, General Physics, 7th ed., Higher Education Press, 2016

#光年 #距离 #光速

温度为什么有摄氏、华氏、开尔文三种常见“尺子”?

Why are there three common temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin?

它们零点和刻度不同:摄氏以水的冰点和沸点为0和100,华氏以盐冰混合物和体温为基准,开尔文以“绝对零度”为0,方便不同用途。
They set zero and steps differently: Celsius places 0 °C at water's freezing point and 100 °C at its boiling point, Fahrenheit used a brine mix and body temperature, and Kelvin starts at absolute zero for science.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source

程守洙 江之永,《普通物理学》第七版,高等教育出版社,2016

Cheng Shouzhu and Jiang Zhiyong, General Physics, 7th ed., Higher Education Press, 2016

#温度 #标度 #单位

发动机功率常说“马力”,马真的有那么大的力气吗?

Engine power is given in 'horsepower'; is a horse really that strong?

马力是瓦特当年为推销蒸汽机、拿马和驴出力做比较而定的单位,1马力约746瓦,是平均值而非某匹马的最大值。
Horsepower was James Watt's marketing comparison of steam engines with horses; one horsepower is about 746 W, an average, not a single horse's peak.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众 CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source

程守洙 江之永,《普通物理学》第七版,高等教育出版社,2016

Cheng Shouzhu and Jiang Zhiyong, General Physics, 7th ed., Higher Education Press, 2016

#马力 #功率 #瓦特