“詹姆斯-兰格理论”如何解释情绪？
How does the James-Lange theory explain emotion?
该理论认为我们先有生理反应、再据此体验情绪：看到熊先心跳加速，然后才“感到”害怕。它把情绪视为身体变化的副产品，与常识“先怕再逃”相反。
The theory holds that we first have a bodily reaction and then experience the emotion from it: you see a bear, your heart races, and then you 'feel' afraid. It treats emotion as a byproduct of bodily change, reversing the common 'fear then flee' order.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#詹姆斯-兰格 #情绪 #生理
什么是“闪光灯记忆”？
What is a flashbulb memory?
布朗和库利克提出，人们对震惊性公共事件（如重大灾难）会留下异常鲜明、自认为准确的记忆。但研究也显示这类记忆同样可能出错。
Brown and Kulik proposed that people form unusually vivid, confidently accurate memories of shocking public events such as major disasters. Research shows, however, that such memories can still be wrong.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source
出处备注：著录仅给书名，无版次与年份；同一书名常对应多个版次，不臆测具体版本。
《认知心理学》（斯滕伯格）
Cognitive Psychology (Sternberg)
#闪光灯记忆 #情绪 #记忆
拉扎勒斯的“认知评价理论”是什么？
What is Lazarus's cognitive appraisal theory of emotion?
拉扎勒斯认为情绪产生于对事件的评价：先判断它是否与己相关（初评价），再判断能否应对（次评价）。同一事件因评价不同会引发不同情绪。
Lazarus held that emotion arises from appraisal of an event: first whether it matters to you (primary appraisal), then whether you can cope (secondary appraisal). The same event can thus trigger different emotions depending on appraisal.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#认知评价 #拉扎勒斯 #情绪
什么是“共情”？
What is empathy?
共情是理解并感受他人情绪的能力，分为认知共情（理解对方想法）和情感共情（共享对方感受）。它是亲社会行为与道德关怀的重要基础。
Empathy is the ability to understand and feel another's emotions, split into cognitive empathy (grasping their thoughts) and affective empathy (sharing their feelings). It underpins prosocial behavior and moral care.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#共情 #理解 #亲社会
常听说的“情商”（EQ）指什么？
What does the often-mentioned 'emotional intelligence' (EQ) refer to?
情商指识别、理解、管理自己与他人情绪的能力，由梅耶和萨洛维提出概念、戈尔曼推广。它有助于沟通与合作，但是否算作“智力”在学界仍有争议。
Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own and others' emotions, conceptualized by Mayer and Salovey and popularized by Goleman. It aids communication and cooperation, though whether it counts as 'intelligence' is debated.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据结论有争议 · Contested
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#情商 #情绪 #社会能力
埃克曼提出的“基本情绪”有哪些？
What are the 'basic emotions' proposed by Ekman?
埃克曼认为存在跨文化普遍的基本情绪：快乐、悲伤、恐惧、愤怒、惊讶和厌恶（有时加上轻蔑）。它们都有独特的面部表情，婴儿期即可辨认。
Ekman argued for universal basic emotions—happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust (sometimes adding contempt)—each with a distinct facial expression recognizable even in infancy.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#基本情绪 #埃克曼 #面部表情
“害怕”这种感觉是从哪里来的？
Where does the feeling of fear come from?
害怕是大脑里一个叫杏仁核的小部分在发现危险时发出的警报，让身体做好准备逃跑或躲起来。它帮我们避开危险，是很正常的保护反应。
Fear is an alarm sent by a small brain part called the amygdala when it senses danger, preparing the body to run or hide. It helps us avoid harm and is a normal protective reaction.
难度 入门 · 适合 幼儿(3-6)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#害怕 #情绪 #保护