神经心理与意识 Psychology

7 个科学问题 · 心理认知 Psychology

本页目录

「盲视」现象对意识与视觉的关系提出了什么挑战?

What challenge does blindsight pose to the relation between consciousness and vision?

盲视患者因初级视皮层损伤而主观「看不见」某侧视野,却能凭直觉准确指向或避开该处刺激。这说明无意识视觉通路仍可驱动行为,表明视觉加工与主观意识并非同一过程。
In blindsight, patients with primary visual cortex damage deny seeing stimuli in a field yet accurately point to or avoid them. It shows unconscious visual pathways can drive behavior, separating visual processing from subjective awareness.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
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《神经科学》(Bear 等);Nature Human Behaviour 意识研究

Neuroscience (Bear et al.); Nature Human Behaviour (consciousness research)

#盲视 #视皮层 #意识 #无意识加工

意识的「全局工作空间理论」如何解释主观体验?

How does the global workspace theory explain conscious experience?

该理论由巴尔斯提出、迪昂等人用神经证据拓展,认为当某信息被丘脑-皮层网络广泛广播并整合进全局工作空间时,才进入意识。未被广播的加工则停留于无意识,解释了注意与意识的耦合。
Proposed by Baars and extended neurobiologically by Dehaene, the theory holds that information becomes conscious only when broadcast widely through thalamocortical networks into a global workspace; unbroadcast processing remains unconscious, explaining attention-consciousness coupling.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
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《神经科学》(Bear 等);Nature Human Behaviour 意识研究

Neuroscience (Bear et al.); Nature Human Behaviour (consciousness research)

#全局工作空间 #意识 #丘脑-皮层 #注意

裂脑研究揭示了大脑左右半球在功能上有何分工?

What functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres did split-brain research reveal?

胼胝体切断后,左右半球无法交换信息。加扎尼加的实验显示左半球擅长语言与序列分析,右半球更擅空间与整体加工,但两侧均具独立意识,挑战了「单一自我」的简单图景。
After severing the corpus callosum, hemispheres cannot share information. Gazzaniga's experiments showed the left hemisphere specializes in language and sequential analysis, the right in spatial and holistic processing, with each hemisphere capable of independent awareness, complicating the notion of a single self.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
来源 · Source

《神经科学》(Bear 等);美国心理学会(APA)

Neuroscience (Bear et al.); American Psychological Association (APA)

#裂脑 #胼胝体 #左右半球 #加扎尼加

Baddeley 的工作记忆模型由哪些成分构成?

What components make up Baddeley's model of working memory?

该模型在中央执行系统统辖下包含语音环路(复述言语信息)、视空间画板(维持空间图像)与情景缓冲器(整合多通道信息)。它区分了被动存储与主动操控,是认知心理学核心框架。
Baddeley's model, under a central executive, includes the phonological loop (verbal rehearsal), visuospatial sketchpad (spatial images), and episodic buffer (multimodal integration). It separates passive storage from active manipulation and anchors cognitive psychology.
难度 专业 · 适合 高中(15-18) CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
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出处备注:著录仅给书名,无版次与年份;同一书名常对应多个版次,不臆测具体版本。

《心理学年度评论》(Annual Review of Psychology) 认知卷;《神经科学》(Bear 等)

Annual Review of Psychology (cognition); Neuroscience (Bear et al.)

#工作记忆 #中央执行 #语音环路 #视空间

前额叶皮层的执行功能包含哪些核心能力?

What core capacities make up the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex?

前额叶支撑抑制控制、工作记忆与认知灵活性三大核心执行功能,使个体能计划、抗干扰并切换策略。其损伤会导致目标导向行为瓦解,是多动症等疾病的关注焦点。
The prefrontal cortex supports three core executive functions—inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility—enabling planning, distraction resistance, and strategy switching. Its damage disrupts goal-directed behavior and is central to ADHD.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15) CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-03
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《神经科学》(Bear 等);美国心理学会(APA)

Neuroscience (Bear et al.); American Psychological Association (APA)

#前额叶 #执行功能 #抑制控制 #认知灵活性

杏仁核在情绪加工中扮演什么角色?

What role does the amygdala play in emotion processing?

杏仁核快速检测威胁性刺激并触发恐惧反应与注意偏向,是情绪学习与记忆强化的关键枢纽。其过度活跃与焦虑障碍相关,而损伤会导致恐惧识别与条件化学习受损。
The amygdala rapidly detects threat and triggers fear responses and attentional bias, serving as a hub for emotional learning and memory enhancement. Its overactivity links to anxiety, while damage impairs fear recognition and conditioning.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15) CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source

出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。

Bear, M. F., Connors, B. W., & Paradiso, J. A. (2016).《神经科学:探索大脑》第4版, Sinauer Associates; LeDoux, J. E. (1998).《The Emotional Brain》, Touchstone.

Bear, M. F., Connors, B. W., & Paradiso, J. A. (2016). Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates. LeDoux, J. E. (1998). The Emotional Brain. Touchstone.

#杏仁核 #恐惧 #情绪学习 #威胁检测

脑损伤可导致哪些主要类型的失语症?

What are the main types of aphasia caused by brain damage?

布罗卡失语表现为说话费力但理解相对完好,对应左额下回损伤;韦尼克失语则言语流畅却语义混乱、理解受损,对应左颞上回损伤。二者揭示了语言产出与理解在脑中的分离。
Broca's aphasia brings effortful speech with preserved comprehension from left inferior frontal damage; Wernicke's aphasia yields fluent but meaningless speech with impaired comprehension from left superior temporal damage. They reveal the brain's separation of production and comprehension.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15) CC BY 4.0 · 来源待核验 · Source pending review
来源 · Source

出处备注:著录含书名,但缺版次 / 出版社 / 年份中的一部分,需编辑补全后才能做独立比对。

Bear、Connors 与 Paradis,《神经科学:探索大脑》第4版,Sinauer Associates,2016

Bear, Connors & Paradis, Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 4th ed., Sinauer Associates, 2016

#失语症 #布罗卡 #韦尼克 #左半球