罗夏墨迹测验（Rorschach）是什么？
What is the Rorschach inkblot test?
罗夏测验呈现十张对称墨迹图，让受测者自由描述看到什么，再通过编码系统分析反应的位置、决定因素与内容。它属于投射测验，假设人会把内在结构投射到模糊刺激上。现代使用需严格标准化，其效度在学界仍有争论。
The Rorschach presents ten symmetrical inkblots, asking what the person sees, then codes location, determinants, and content. It is a projective test based on the idea that people project inner structure onto ambiguous stimuli. Modern use requires strict standardization, and its validity remains debated.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-11-02
来源 · Source
《心理与教育测量》
Psychological Testing and Assessment
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 1 ISBN 9787566823700（豆瓣书目条目: 心理与教育测量）
#罗夏 #投射测验 #评估
进食障碍（如神经性厌食）的心理成因有哪些？
What are the psychological causes of eating disorders like anorexia?
神经性厌食等进食障碍源于生物、心理与社会因素交织：对体形的过度评价、完美主义与控制需求，加上文化对瘦的推崇与家庭互动模式。它绝非“爱美”那么简单，而是高致死风险的精神障碍。治疗需营养恢复与心理干预并行。
Anorexia and related eating disorders arise from intertwined biological, psychological, and social factors: over-evaluation of shape, perfectionism and control needs, plus cultural thin-ideal pressure and family patterns. It is far more than vanity and is a high-fatality disorder. Treatment needs nutritional restoration with psychological care.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
American Psychiatric Association,《DSM-5》APA,2013
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, APA, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 标识 dsm-5_202110（按标识回读: Diagnostic and Statist
#进食障碍 #厌食 #临床
什么是强迫症（OCD）？
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
强迫症表现为反复出现的侵入性想法（强迫思维）和为了缓解焦虑而不得不做的重复行为（强迫动作），如反复检查或清洗。患者通常知道这些想法不合理却难以停止。它属于焦虑相关障碍谱系，暴露与反应预防疗法效果较好。
OCD involves recurring intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive acts (compulsions) done to relieve anxiety, such as repeated checking or washing. Sufferers usually know the thoughts are unreasonable yet cannot stop. It sits in the anxiety-related spectrum, and exposure with response prevention works well.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
American Psychiatric Association,《DSM-5》APA,2013
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, APA, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 标识 dsm-5_202110（按标识回读: Diagnostic and Statist
#强迫症 #焦虑相关 #临床
精神分裂症的主要症状有哪些？
What are the main symptoms of schizophrenia?
精神分裂症典型症状分阳性与阴性：阳性如幻觉、妄想、思维紊乱，阴性如情感淡漠、意志减退、社交退缩。它常起病于青年期，是严重的精神障碍而非“多重人格”。抗精神病药可缓解阳性症状，康复还需综合支持。
Schizophrenia symptoms split into positive and negative: positive ones like hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking; negative ones like flat affect, reduced drive, and withdrawal. It often begins in youth and is a serious disorder, not multiple personality. Antipsychotics ease positive symptoms, with rehabilitation support needed.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
American Psychiatric Association,《DSM-5》APA,2013
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, APA, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 标识 dsm-5_202110（按标识回读: Diagnostic and Statist
#精神分裂症 #幻觉 #精神障碍
双相情感障碍（bipolar disorder）是什么？
What is bipolar disorder?
双相情感障碍以情绪在抑郁低谷与躁狂或轻躁狂高峰之间摆动为特征，躁狂期表现为情绪高涨、精力过旺、睡眠需求减少与冲动决策。它不同于普通的情绪波动，发作会明显损害功能。治疗常以情绪稳定剂配合心理治疗。
Bipolar disorder is marked by mood swinging between depressive lows and manic or hypomanic highs, with mania showing elevated mood, excess energy, reduced sleep need, and impulsive decisions. It differs from normal mood swings in impairing function. Treatment usually combines mood stabilizers and psychotherapy.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
American Psychiatric Association,《DSM-5》APA,2013
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, APA, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 标识 dsm-5_202110（按标识回读: Diagnostic and Statist
#双相 #躁狂 #情绪障碍
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是什么？
What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
ADHD 以与年龄不符的注意分散、冲动和/或过度活动为核心，常在儿童期显现并可持续到成人。它属于神经发育差异，并非教养失败或单纯“调皮”。行为干预与药物可显著改善功能。
ADHD centers on age-inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity, often appearing in childhood and continuing into adulthood. It is a neurodevelopmental difference, not bad parenting or mere naughtiness. Behavioral care and medication can markedly improve function.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
American Psychiatric Association,《DSM-5》APA,2013
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, APA, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 标识 dsm-5_202110（按标识回读: Diagnostic and Statist
#ADHD #注意缺陷 #神经发育
焦虑障碍的常见类型有哪些？
What are common types of anxiety disorders?
常见焦虑障碍包括广泛性焦虑（长期过度担忧）、惊恐障碍（突发强烈恐惧伴心悸）、社交焦虑（害怕被评价）以及特定恐惧症。它们共享对威胁的过度警觉，但触发情境与表现不同。认知行为疗法与药物对多数类型有效。
Common anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety (chronic worry), panic disorder (sudden intense fear with racing heart), social anxiety (fear of evaluation), and specific phobias. They share over-alertness to threat but differ in triggers and expression. CBT and medication help most types.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
American Psychiatric Association,《DSM-5》APA,2013
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, APA, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 标识 dsm-5_202110（按标识回读: Diagnostic and Statist
#焦虑障碍 #恐惧 #临床
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是什么？
What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
PTSD 在经历或目睹极端威胁事件后出现，核心为反复闯入的创伤记忆、主动回避相关线索、警觉增高与负性认知改变。症状持续超一个月且影响生活才可诊断。创伤未必只来自战场，事故、暴力均可引发。
PTSD follows experiencing or witnessing an extreme threat, with intrusive trauma memories, active avoidance of cues, hyper-arousal, and negative beliefs. It is diagnosed when symptoms last over a month and impair life. Trauma is not only combat; accidents and violence also trigger it.
难度 进阶 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
American Psychiatric Association,《DSM-5》APA,2013
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, APA, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 标识 dsm-5_202110（按标识回读: Diagnostic and Statist
#PTSD #创伤 #应激
抑郁症的核心症状有哪些？
What are the core symptoms of depression?
抑郁症的核心症状包括持续两周以上的情绪低落、对多数活动失去兴趣或愉悦感，并常伴精力下降、睡眠与食欲改变、注意力难集中。它不是普通的心情不好，而是影响功能的综合征。严重时应寻求专业评估与干预。
Core depression symptoms include low mood and loss of interest or pleasure in most activities for over two weeks, often with low energy, sleep and appetite changes, and poor concentration. It is not ordinary sadness but a syndrome that impairs function. Seek professional assessment when severe.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
American Psychiatric Association,《DSM-5》APA,2013
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, APA, 2013
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 ARCHIVE 标识 标识 dsm-5_202110（按标识回读: Diagnostic and Statist
#抑郁症 #心理障碍 #情绪