信号检测论中的“击中”和“虚报”是什么？
What are hit and false alarm in signal detection theory?
信号检测论把知觉判断看作在噪声中辨别有无信号。击中指有信号时正确报告“有”，虚报指无信号却误报“有”；漏报和正确拒斥是另两类结果。通过击中率与虚报率可分离出人的辨别力与反应偏向（谨慎或冒险）。
Signal detection theory treats perception as detecting a signal amid noise. A hit is correctly saying yes when a signal is present, and a false alarm is saying yes when none is present; miss and correct rejection are the other two outcomes. Hit and false-alarm rates separate a person's sensitivity from response bias, cautious or risky.
难度 专业 · 适合 初中(12-15)
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#信号检测论 #击中 #虚报
什么是联觉（synesthesia）？
What is synesthesia?
联觉是一种感觉通道被激活时自发引发另一种感觉体验的现象，比如看到数字就“尝到”味道，或听到声音就“看见”颜色。它通常是先天性的，在不同个体中稳定的配对模式常能重复。联觉提示大脑感官区域之间可能存在异常的联结。
Synesthesia is a phenomenon in which stimulating one sense automatically triggers an experience in another, such as tasting shapes when seeing numbers or seeing colors when hearing sounds. It is usually innate and the pairings are stable and repeatable across time. Synesthesia suggests unusually strong connections between sensory areas of the brain.
难度 进阶 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#联觉 #感知 #跨模态
什么是感觉适应（sensory adaptation）？
What is sensory adaptation?
感觉适应指持续接触同一刺激后，感官对该刺激的反应逐渐减弱，比如进游泳池不久就觉不冷了。它帮助大脑忽略恒定背景信息，把注意留给变化的新异信号。适应是感受器疲劳与中枢调节共同作用的结果。
Sensory adaptation is that with continued exposure to the same stimulus, the sense response weakens, such as no longer feeling the cold after a while in the pool. It lets the brain ignore constant background and attend to changing, novel signals. Adaptation arises from receptor fatigue and central regulation together.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#感觉适应 #感知 #感受器
缪勒-莱尔错觉（Müller-Lyer illusion）是什么？
What is the Müller-Lyer illusion?
缪勒-莱尔错觉中，两条等长线段因两端箭头方向不同（向内或向外）而被看成长度不一。向外的箭头让线段显得更长，向内的显得更短。它揭示了大脑在判断长度时会自动调用深度线索，从而产生系统性的视觉误判。
In the Müller-Lyer illusion, two equal-length lines appear unequal because of arrowheads at their ends pointing inward or outward. Outward arrows make the line look longer, inward arrows shorter. It reveals that the brain automatically applies depth cues when judging length, producing a systematic visual misjudgment.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#视错觉 #缪勒-莱尔 #知觉
格式塔心理学提出了哪些知觉组织原则？
What principles of perceptual organization did Gestalt psychology propose?
格式塔心理学认为“整体大于部分之和”，并提出邻近、相似、连续、闭合、共同命运等组织原则。例如相近的图形被归为一组，不完整的轮廓会被脑补成完整形状。这些原则说明知觉会自动把零散刺激整合成有意义的整体。
Gestalt psychology holds that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts and proposed principles such as proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, and common fate. For example, nearby shapes are grouped together and incomplete contours are filled in as whole forms. These principles show that perception automatically integrates scattered stimuli into meaningful wholes.
难度 入门 · 适合 大众
CC BY 4.0 · 已核验 · Verified 2026-08-23 · 2 条独立证据
来源 · Source
Richard Gerrig Philip Zimbardo,《心理学与生活》第19版中译,人民邮电出版社,2016
R. J. Gerrig and P. G. Zimbardo, Psychology and Life, 19th ed., Chinese ed., Posts & Telecom Press, 2016
独立核验依据 · Independent verification: 核验依据 2 OPENLIBRARY 标识 /works/OL23493W：Psychology and life（按标题+作
#格式塔 #知觉组织 #完形